Varcarolis Ch 2; Theories and Therapies Practice Exam Questions and Answers (100% Pass)

Varcarolis Ch 2; Theories and Therapies Practice Exam Questions and Answers (100% Pass) A parent says, "My 2-year-old child refuses toilet training and shouts 'No!' when given directions. What do you think is wrong?" Select the nurse's best reply. a. "Your child needs firmer control. It is important to set limits now." b. "This is normal for your child's age. The child is striving for independence." c. "There may be developmental problems. Most children are toilet trained by age 2." d. "Some undesirable attitudes are developing. A child psychologist can help you develop a plan." - Answer️️ -B This behavior is conventional of a child around the age of 2 years, whose developmental task is to develop autonomy. The distracters indicate the child's behavior is abnormal. ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 18, 2024 6:00 PM Page 2 of 36 A nurse wants to find information on current evidence-based research, programs, and practices regarding mental illness and addictions. Which resource should the nurse consult? a. American Psychiatric Association b. American Psychological Association (APA) c. Clinician's Quick Guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy d. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) - Answer️️ -D The SAMHSA maintains a National Registry of Evidence-based Practices and Programs. New therapies are entered into the database on a regular basis. The incorrect responses are resources but do not focus on evidence- based information. A 26-month-old displays negative behavior, refuses toilet training, and often says, "No!" Which psychosocial crisis is evident? a. Trust versus mistrust b. Initiative versus guilt ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 18, 2024 6:00 PM Page 3 of 36 c. Industry versus inferiority d. Autonomy versus shame and doubt - Answer️️ -D The crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt relates to the developmental task of gaining control of self and environment, as exemplified by toilet training. This psychosocial crisis occurs during the period of early childhood. Trust versus mistrust is the crisis of the infant. Initiative versus guilt is the crisis of the preschool and early-school-aged child. Industry versus inferiority is the crisis of the 6- to 12-year-old child. A 4-year-old grabs toys from other children and says, "I want that now!" From a psychoanalytic perspective, this behavior is a product of impulses originating in which system of the personality? a. Id b. Ego c. Superego d. Preconscious - Answer️️ -A The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of impulses. The ego acts as a mediator of behavior and weighs the ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 18, 2024 6:00 PM Page 4 of 36 consequences of the action, perhaps determining that taking the toy is not worth the mother's wrath. The superego would oppose the impulsive behavior as "not nice." The preconscious is a level of awareness rather than an aspect of personality. The parent of a 4-year-old rewards and praises the child for helping a sibling, being polite, and using good manners. These qualities are likely to be internalized and become part of which system of the personality? a. Id b. Ego c. Superego d. Preconscious - Answer️️ -C The superego contains the "shoulds," or moral standards internalized from interactions with significant others. Praise fosters internalization of desirable behaviors. The id is the center of basic instinctual drives, and the ego is the mediator. The ego is the problem-solving and reality-testing portion of the personality that negotiates solutions with the outside world. The preconscious is a level of awareness from which material can be ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 18, 2024 6:00 PM Page 5 of 36 retrieved easily with conscious effort. This item relates to an audience response question. A nurse supports a parent for praising a child who behaves in helpful ways to others. When this child behaves with politeness and helpfulness in adulthood, which feeling will most likely result? a. Guilt b. Anxiety c. Humility d. Self-esteem - Answer️️ -D The individual will be living up to the ego ideal, which will result in positive feelings about self. The other options are incorrect because each represents a negative feeling. An adult says, "I never know the answers," and "My opinion does not count." Which psychosocial crisis was unsuccessfully resolved for this adult? a. Initiative versus guilt ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 18, 2024 6:00 PM Page 6 of 36 b. Trust versus mistrust c. Autonomy versus shame and doubt d. Generativity versus self-absorption - Answer️️ -C These statements show severe self-doubt, indicating that the crisis of gaining control over the environment was not met successfully. Unsuccessful resolution of the crisis of initiative versus guilt results in feelings of guilt. Unsuccessful resolution of the crisis of trust versus mistrust results in poor interpersonal relationships and suspicion of others. Unsuccessful resolution of the crisis of generativity versus self-absorption results in self-absorption that limits the ability to grow as a person. Which statement by a patient would lead the nurse to sus