LS 15 Final Study Guide with Complete Solutions

LS 15 Final Study Guide with Complete Solutions Why is the rate and direction of change more important than absolute levels for happiness? And how does this relate to material acquisition? - Answer️️ -Making progress towards our goal makes us happy, absolute levels have little effect on our happiness ex. the winner of the lottery felt happier when first presented with the money but when later asked if he/she was happy the level was the same as it was before winning the money Why are emotions designed to be less permanent than they feel? - Answer️️ -Emotions are brain states designed to alter our behavior, once we reach our goal our happiness fades Using example describe interplay between culture and biology - Answer️️ -Culture is a non-genetic transmission of information while biology refers to information passed on through evolution. Culture can free us from biology by teaching us information that can be passed on to anyone not just to offspring through evolution ex. You don't know how to make a shoe but people in society can make it for you ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Monday, August 19, 2024 12:35 AM Page 2 of 12 What is the fundamental reproductive equation? And what does it reveal about culture and biology. - Answer️️ -sex=pregnancy=babies=maternal child care=loss of female economic opportunity=loss of female political power This restraint gives us different results for males vs. females and shows that culture can modify what is likely to happen How is the culture/biology interplay illustrated by constrained learning? - Answer️️ -we cannot learn everything some things are limited by biology due to constrained learning. better at learning things that have evolutionary significance. Sauce Bearnaise Phenomenon Ex: Mice have "genetically coded hypothesis" that automatically says "if I feel sick it must be something I ate". Gave two experiments: Mice were able to learn not to drink water b/c of possible correlation 1. Mice drank water-- noise & lights-- electric shock 2. Mice drank water-- weird taste-- nausea induced by x-rays Changed experiments: Mice were unable to learn not to drink water b/c no biological relationship between them What is the EEA? And why is it important for us to be aware of it? - Answer️️ -Environment of Evolutionary Adaptiveness ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Monday, August 19, 2024 12:35 AM Page 3 of 12 The world we are adapted to through natural selection where instinct will lead you to the right outcome, once you are put in a different environment instinct are not as efficient Why is EEA sometimes different from our current environment? - Answer️️ -Evolution is slow & culture and technology can cause the environment to change quickly Do other species have different EEA and current environment? - Answer️️ -Yes. Ex. pets, zoos, lab animals, etc What does mismatch means and what are its implications for our instincts? - Answer️️ -Where the Environment of Evolutionary Adaptiveness is not the same as your current environment; causes us to not be able to trust our instincts because they are innate Why is it so hard to be a teenager? - Answer️️ -there is a conflict between what culture is telling us to do and what biology is telling us to do (mismatch between behavior that has been evolut