ADJ 107 – Final Exam With Questions
and Correct Solutions
Early Forms of Punishment - ANSWER History of Punishment
Ever since ancient times punishment has been part of society
In ancient times most punishments were immediate and cruel
Punishments included banishment, mutilation, brand flogging, burned alive, and slow
death.
Sadistic torture was common and meant to deter future offenders.
Harrison Act - ANSWER In 1914, the Harrison Act made it illegal to sell or give away
opium or poium derivatives and coca or derivatives without written order on a
form issued by the commissioner of revenue.
Mann Act - ANSWER was passed in 1910, prohibiting the interstate transport of
females for immoral purposes
Boggs Act - ANSWER 1951 provided mandatory sentences for individuals violating
federal drug laws.
Marital Rape - ANSWER was not considered a crime in the United States until the
1970s, and did not formally become crime in all 50 states until 1993.
Cost of White-Collar Crime - ANSWER $660 billion annualy
General Deterrence - ANSWER uses the concept of handing down harsh punishment
to persuade other society members from committing similar crimes, whereas specific
deterrence attempts to make an example of an individual for committing additional
crimes or not complying with court orders
,Yakuza - ANSWER Members of transnational organized crime syndicates originating in
Japan. The yakuza are notorious for their strict codes of conduct and very organized
nature. They have a large presence in the Japanese media and operate
internationally with an estimated 103,000 members
Alcohol's Relation to Crime - ANSWER The United States Department of Justice showed
nearly 4 in 10 violent crimes and fatal motor vehicle accidents involve alcohol.
Number of Prosecutions for Treason - ANSWER Treason is difficult to prove in court
because of the prosecution must show overt actions, which is why there are fewer
than 40 prosecutions for treason in the entire history of the United States.
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act (RICO) - ANSWER A federal law that
criminalizes illegal activities committed by organized crime members.
Five elements:
Unlawful activity involving an enterprise
Qualifying acts of racketeering activity
Showing of a pattern of such activity
Effect upon interstate commerce
The commission of the prohibited acts
The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act is Title 9 of the organized
crime and control act of 1970.
Specific Deterrence - ANSWER attempts to make an example of an individual for
committing additional crimes or not complying with court orders
New York's Specialized Domestic Violence Court - ANSWER developed in 1966. Was
the first specialized domestic violence court.
, Mass Murder - ANSWER involves killing 3 or more persons at a single scene with
no cooling-off period
Serial Murder - ANSWER is usually reserved for events in which an individual kills a
number of individuals over the course of time. The cooling-off period between killings
can range from days to years, but the distinction of a cool-off period is what makes
serial killing unique from multiple killers
Spree Murder - ANSWER refers to the killing of three or more individuals without
any cooling-odd period, usually 2 or more different location
Russian Mafia and Human Trafficking - ANSWER In 2002, the Russian mafia earned
annual revenues of $7 billion a year from human trafficking. Unlike other criminal
groups, russian organized crime consists of several ethnic groups such as Armenian,
Chechen, Georgian, Jewish, Latvian, Lithuanian, Tatar, and Ukrainian from the
territory the former Soviet Union.
A dominant Russian organized crime group is known as the Vory, which developed
among individuals in Soviet prison camp.
The definition of human trafficking is the recruitment, harboring, transportation,
provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act in which a
commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person
induced to perform such act is under 18, regardless of whether the elements of
force, fraud, or coercion are involved.
Coercion is a principal tool in the human trafficker's handbook in order for victims
to remain under their control.
Moral Entrepreneurs - ANSWER legislators whose beliefs are thought to
supersede others', thus creating laws to justify their beliefs.
"John" - ANSWER Most states punish both individuals engaging in prostitution and
those who hire prostitutes, also referred to as johns.
and Correct Solutions
Early Forms of Punishment - ANSWER History of Punishment
Ever since ancient times punishment has been part of society
In ancient times most punishments were immediate and cruel
Punishments included banishment, mutilation, brand flogging, burned alive, and slow
death.
Sadistic torture was common and meant to deter future offenders.
Harrison Act - ANSWER In 1914, the Harrison Act made it illegal to sell or give away
opium or poium derivatives and coca or derivatives without written order on a
form issued by the commissioner of revenue.
Mann Act - ANSWER was passed in 1910, prohibiting the interstate transport of
females for immoral purposes
Boggs Act - ANSWER 1951 provided mandatory sentences for individuals violating
federal drug laws.
Marital Rape - ANSWER was not considered a crime in the United States until the
1970s, and did not formally become crime in all 50 states until 1993.
Cost of White-Collar Crime - ANSWER $660 billion annualy
General Deterrence - ANSWER uses the concept of handing down harsh punishment
to persuade other society members from committing similar crimes, whereas specific
deterrence attempts to make an example of an individual for committing additional
crimes or not complying with court orders
,Yakuza - ANSWER Members of transnational organized crime syndicates originating in
Japan. The yakuza are notorious for their strict codes of conduct and very organized
nature. They have a large presence in the Japanese media and operate
internationally with an estimated 103,000 members
Alcohol's Relation to Crime - ANSWER The United States Department of Justice showed
nearly 4 in 10 violent crimes and fatal motor vehicle accidents involve alcohol.
Number of Prosecutions for Treason - ANSWER Treason is difficult to prove in court
because of the prosecution must show overt actions, which is why there are fewer
than 40 prosecutions for treason in the entire history of the United States.
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act (RICO) - ANSWER A federal law that
criminalizes illegal activities committed by organized crime members.
Five elements:
Unlawful activity involving an enterprise
Qualifying acts of racketeering activity
Showing of a pattern of such activity
Effect upon interstate commerce
The commission of the prohibited acts
The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act is Title 9 of the organized
crime and control act of 1970.
Specific Deterrence - ANSWER attempts to make an example of an individual for
committing additional crimes or not complying with court orders
New York's Specialized Domestic Violence Court - ANSWER developed in 1966. Was
the first specialized domestic violence court.
, Mass Murder - ANSWER involves killing 3 or more persons at a single scene with
no cooling-off period
Serial Murder - ANSWER is usually reserved for events in which an individual kills a
number of individuals over the course of time. The cooling-off period between killings
can range from days to years, but the distinction of a cool-off period is what makes
serial killing unique from multiple killers
Spree Murder - ANSWER refers to the killing of three or more individuals without
any cooling-odd period, usually 2 or more different location
Russian Mafia and Human Trafficking - ANSWER In 2002, the Russian mafia earned
annual revenues of $7 billion a year from human trafficking. Unlike other criminal
groups, russian organized crime consists of several ethnic groups such as Armenian,
Chechen, Georgian, Jewish, Latvian, Lithuanian, Tatar, and Ukrainian from the
territory the former Soviet Union.
A dominant Russian organized crime group is known as the Vory, which developed
among individuals in Soviet prison camp.
The definition of human trafficking is the recruitment, harboring, transportation,
provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act in which a
commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person
induced to perform such act is under 18, regardless of whether the elements of
force, fraud, or coercion are involved.
Coercion is a principal tool in the human trafficker's handbook in order for victims
to remain under their control.
Moral Entrepreneurs - ANSWER legislators whose beliefs are thought to
supersede others', thus creating laws to justify their beliefs.
"John" - ANSWER Most states punish both individuals engaging in prostitution and
those who hire prostitutes, also referred to as johns.
