Henry McKay - ANSWER worked with Clifford Shaw to develop the idea of cultural
transmission became referred to as the Chicago School of criminology
Clifford Shaw - ANSWER chicago sociologist who associated life in
disorganized, transitional urban areas to neighborhood crime rates.
Emile Durkheim - ANSWER founder of sociology characterized crime as a normal and
necessary social event. And believed an increasing crime rate could be a signal for
social change.
Robert Merton - ANSWER broke down his concepts of strain into five different
categories of adaptation. Conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion
Steven Messner - ANSWER created the institutional anomie theory in 1994
Lambert Adolphe Quetelet - ANSWER used social data and statistics in performing
criminological research by displaying demographic information of criminal offenders.
Edwin Lemert - ANSWER called an offender's initial acts of deviance primary
deviance and the offenders continued acts of deviance, resulting from forced
association with other offenders, secondary deviance
Travis Hirschi - ANSWER developed the most prominent social control theory in
1969 called the social bond theory. He developed four main elements of the social
bond theory.
, Edwin Sutherland - ANSWER developed differential association theory in 1939
Institutional Anomie Theory - ANSWER created by Steven Messner and Richard
Rosenfeld. According to it the capitalistic culture involving the "American
Dream" promotes economic success at all cost.
Critical Feminist Theory - ANSWER believe sexual victimization of girls is a product
of male.
Cultural Deviance Theories - ANSWER central theme of cultural deviance theories is
the idea of subculture
Divisions of social learning theories - ANSWER differential association theory,
differential reinforcement theory, and neutralization theory.
Instrumental interpretation of critical criminology - ANSWER according to the
instrumental interpretation of critical criminology, the law and justice system serve the
powerful and rich, which enables the ruling class to impose their morality and
standard norms of behavior.
Concept of the American Dream - ANSWER the capitalistic culture involving it
promotes economic success at all cost.
Critiques of critical criminology - ANSWER critical criminology, has countless critiques
based on politics, economics, law, and criminological skeptics.
Diversion program and social reaction theory - ANSWER the social reaction theory or
labeling theory was the foundation for division programs in America.
Robert Agnew - ANSWER in 1992 criminologist transformed principles of the
strain theories.