UAMS IMMUNOLOGY EXAM 5 REVIEW
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024/2025
Virus - ANSWERSSubmicroscopic particles; obligate intracellular parasites that require living cells to
replicate
Genome - ANSWERSEither RNA or DNA
Capsid - ANSWERSprotein shell that encloses the viral genome
Capsomere - ANSWERSsubunit of the capsid
Neucleocapsid - ANSWERScapsid with enclosed genome
Viral envelope - ANSWERSA membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.
Virion - ANSWERSa fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection in a host cell
Viral infection mechanism - ANSWERSAttachment > Penetration > Uncoating > Transcription > Translation
> Assembly > Budding > release
Classification of viruses - ANSWERSType of nucleic acid and configuration; viral replication, virion
Virus major routes into the body - ANSWERSMucous membranes, skin, inhalation
Laboratory detection of viruses - ANSWERSserology, electron microscopy, cytology, antigen detection,
cell culture, and molecular testing
Viral serology - ANSWERSdetection of patient antibodies to the virus. IgM tests detect recent infections
, Viral electron microscopy - ANSWERS-Viruses are sufficiently unique in a structure that they can be
differentiated into families as genes
viral cytology - ANSWERSTznack prep; FIA
Tznack Prep - ANSWERSHost cells are stained with dyes and observed for characteristic morphology
FIA - ANSWERSStaining is more sensitive that dye based staining
Viral antigen detection - ANSWERSImmunofluorescence; enzyme immunoassay, latex agglutination, and
rapid immunochromatographic membrane assay
optical immunoassay - ANSWERSSilicon wafers coated with ABY + Virus; produce refection change in
wafer
Hemadsorption - ANSWERSViral AGNs that agglutinate RBCs, Guinea pig RBCs + infected cells = ring RBCs
around infected cells; viruses ID'ed using fluorescent-labeled ABY
Viral antigen detection methods are used for - ANSWERSscreening; have lower sensitivities; negative
results should be confirmed with cell culture, IFA, or molecular testing
Viral cell culture - ANSWERSGold standard; requires living cells that are kept moist and supplied with
nutrients by keeping them continuously immersed in cell culture medium
Primary cell culture - ANSWERSUsually tissue from animal PMK; divides only once or twice
diploid cell culture - ANSWERSDivide but limited to 50 generations; uses human neonatal lung or rabbit
kidney
Continuous cell culture - ANSWERSCapable of indefinite passages
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 2024/2025
Virus - ANSWERSSubmicroscopic particles; obligate intracellular parasites that require living cells to
replicate
Genome - ANSWERSEither RNA or DNA
Capsid - ANSWERSprotein shell that encloses the viral genome
Capsomere - ANSWERSsubunit of the capsid
Neucleocapsid - ANSWERScapsid with enclosed genome
Viral envelope - ANSWERSA membrane that cloaks the capsid that in turn encloses a viral genome.
Virion - ANSWERSa fully formed virus that is able to establish an infection in a host cell
Viral infection mechanism - ANSWERSAttachment > Penetration > Uncoating > Transcription > Translation
> Assembly > Budding > release
Classification of viruses - ANSWERSType of nucleic acid and configuration; viral replication, virion
Virus major routes into the body - ANSWERSMucous membranes, skin, inhalation
Laboratory detection of viruses - ANSWERSserology, electron microscopy, cytology, antigen detection,
cell culture, and molecular testing
Viral serology - ANSWERSdetection of patient antibodies to the virus. IgM tests detect recent infections
, Viral electron microscopy - ANSWERS-Viruses are sufficiently unique in a structure that they can be
differentiated into families as genes
viral cytology - ANSWERSTznack prep; FIA
Tznack Prep - ANSWERSHost cells are stained with dyes and observed for characteristic morphology
FIA - ANSWERSStaining is more sensitive that dye based staining
Viral antigen detection - ANSWERSImmunofluorescence; enzyme immunoassay, latex agglutination, and
rapid immunochromatographic membrane assay
optical immunoassay - ANSWERSSilicon wafers coated with ABY + Virus; produce refection change in
wafer
Hemadsorption - ANSWERSViral AGNs that agglutinate RBCs, Guinea pig RBCs + infected cells = ring RBCs
around infected cells; viruses ID'ed using fluorescent-labeled ABY
Viral antigen detection methods are used for - ANSWERSscreening; have lower sensitivities; negative
results should be confirmed with cell culture, IFA, or molecular testing
Viral cell culture - ANSWERSGold standard; requires living cells that are kept moist and supplied with
nutrients by keeping them continuously immersed in cell culture medium
Primary cell culture - ANSWERSUsually tissue from animal PMK; divides only once or twice
diploid cell culture - ANSWERSDivide but limited to 50 generations; uses human neonatal lung or rabbit
kidney
Continuous cell culture - ANSWERSCapable of indefinite passages
