MIBO 3510 L EXAM 1 UGA
biosafety level 1 - Answers -Well-characterized agents which do not cause disease in
healthy humans
-ex: e. coli
What causes bacteria to have different morphologies? - Answers --Growth rate (size)
-Motility (rate of spread)
-Pigment production
-Cell wall composition/polysaccharide production
-Media composition
isolation of pure cultures - Answers -separating cells physically (streak plates) or by
dilution (spread and pour plates)
streak plate technique - Answers -A small amount of bacteria is spread over the surface
of an agar plate
- not a quantitative method
(spreading tool must be sterilized between streaks)
Spread and pour plates - Answers -allow enermeration of cells as well as isolation
-> quantitative
Cultures are serially diluted (10-fold sets) before cells are transferred to the agar
-Spread: Diluted culture pipetted on top of agar and spread over surface with a glass
rod
-Pour: Diluted culture is pipetted into warm agar and stirred, then poured into a sterile
dish
What are the 2 energy sources for metabolic classification? - Answers -1. light (photo)
2. chemicals (chemo)
photo - Answers -energy source is light
chemo - Answers -energy source is chemicals
What are the 2 electron sources for metabolic classification? - Answers -1. organic
(organo)
2. inorganic (litho)
organo - Answers -electron source: organic
litho - Answers -electron source is inorganic (FeS. NH3, H2, etc.)
, What are the 2 carbon sources for metabolic classification? - Answers -1. organic
(hetero)
2. CO2 (auto)
Heterotroph - Answers -carbon source is organic (sugars, etc)
autotroph - Answers -carbon source is carbon dioxide (which they fix themselves to get
carbon)
What primary elements are carbohydrates made of? - Answers -CHO
What primary elements are lipids made of? - Answers -CHOPN
What primary elements are nucleic acids made of? - Answers -CHOPN
What primary elements are proteins made of? - Answers -CHONS
What does bacteriological media contain? - Answers --Major nutrients: C, N, P, S +
energy source
-Salts for osmotic balance
-May include: trace elements, vitamins
-semi-solid and solid mediums also contain either gelatin or agar as a solidifying agent
What is defined media? - Answers -aka synthetic media
All components (and their exact concentrations) are known
common ingredients:
-Carbon - Often glucose, other sugars
-Nitrogen - Ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3-)
-Phosphorus - Often added as buffer (K2HPO4 and KH2PO4
-Sulfate - SO4
What is complex media? - Answers -Biological mixtures/digests added, exact
composition unknown
-best for growing a variety of cultural organisms
common ingredients:
-Yeast extract
-Tryptone
-Peptone
What is a fastidious organism? - Answers -requires complex nutritional requirements
from the environment
-will only grow when specific nutrients are available
biosafety level 1 - Answers -Well-characterized agents which do not cause disease in
healthy humans
-ex: e. coli
What causes bacteria to have different morphologies? - Answers --Growth rate (size)
-Motility (rate of spread)
-Pigment production
-Cell wall composition/polysaccharide production
-Media composition
isolation of pure cultures - Answers -separating cells physically (streak plates) or by
dilution (spread and pour plates)
streak plate technique - Answers -A small amount of bacteria is spread over the surface
of an agar plate
- not a quantitative method
(spreading tool must be sterilized between streaks)
Spread and pour plates - Answers -allow enermeration of cells as well as isolation
-> quantitative
Cultures are serially diluted (10-fold sets) before cells are transferred to the agar
-Spread: Diluted culture pipetted on top of agar and spread over surface with a glass
rod
-Pour: Diluted culture is pipetted into warm agar and stirred, then poured into a sterile
dish
What are the 2 energy sources for metabolic classification? - Answers -1. light (photo)
2. chemicals (chemo)
photo - Answers -energy source is light
chemo - Answers -energy source is chemicals
What are the 2 electron sources for metabolic classification? - Answers -1. organic
(organo)
2. inorganic (litho)
organo - Answers -electron source: organic
litho - Answers -electron source is inorganic (FeS. NH3, H2, etc.)
, What are the 2 carbon sources for metabolic classification? - Answers -1. organic
(hetero)
2. CO2 (auto)
Heterotroph - Answers -carbon source is organic (sugars, etc)
autotroph - Answers -carbon source is carbon dioxide (which they fix themselves to get
carbon)
What primary elements are carbohydrates made of? - Answers -CHO
What primary elements are lipids made of? - Answers -CHOPN
What primary elements are nucleic acids made of? - Answers -CHOPN
What primary elements are proteins made of? - Answers -CHONS
What does bacteriological media contain? - Answers --Major nutrients: C, N, P, S +
energy source
-Salts for osmotic balance
-May include: trace elements, vitamins
-semi-solid and solid mediums also contain either gelatin or agar as a solidifying agent
What is defined media? - Answers -aka synthetic media
All components (and their exact concentrations) are known
common ingredients:
-Carbon - Often glucose, other sugars
-Nitrogen - Ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3-)
-Phosphorus - Often added as buffer (K2HPO4 and KH2PO4
-Sulfate - SO4
What is complex media? - Answers -Biological mixtures/digests added, exact
composition unknown
-best for growing a variety of cultural organisms
common ingredients:
-Yeast extract
-Tryptone
-Peptone
What is a fastidious organism? - Answers -requires complex nutritional requirements
from the environment
-will only grow when specific nutrients are available
