ATI CAPSTONE ADULT MEDICAL SURGICAL
ASSESSMENT 2/LATEST UPDATE 2024- 2025/ 50 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES/A+ GRADE
1. A RN is teaching a group of assistive personnel (AP) about caring for patients who
have Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following information should the RN include
in the teaching?
Explain procedures in full detail to patient before
initiating care Limit a patient’s activities to minimize
emotional outbursts
Speak clearly and loudly to a patient who is unable to form words or
sentences
Provide supervision to prevent a patient from becoming injured or
lost
EXPLANATION :-> A patient who has Alzheimer's disease can wander and become
lost. The AP should initiate interventions to keep the patient safe, such as redirection,
frequent monitoring, and reorientation. The AP should encourage a patient who has
Alzheimer's disease to participate in activities for as long as possible because socializing
with others can provide the patient with comfort = D
2. A RN is developing a plan of care for a patient who will be placed in halo traction
following surgical repair of the cervical spine. Which of the following interventions
should the RN include in the plan?
Inspect the pin site every 4 hr
Monitor the patient’s skin under the halo vest
Ensure two personnel hold the halo device when repositioning the
patient
Apply powder frequently to the patient’s skin under the vest to
decrease itching
EXPLANATION :->The RN should monitor the patient’s skin that is under the halo
vest for excessive sweating, redness, or blistering which can lead to skin breakdown and
infection. To ensure the vest is not causing pressure, the RN should be able to insert one
finger between the jacket and the skin with ease = B
3. A RN is providing discharge teaching for a patient who has COPD about nutrition.
1
, Which of the following instructions should the RN include?
Eat three large meals
daily
Consume high-calorie
foods
Limit caffeinated drinks to two per
day Drink fluids during meal time
EXPLANATION :->The RN should instruct the patient to consume high-calorie, high-
protein foods to provide energy and prevent weight loss = B
4. A RN is caring for a patient who has anew diagnosis of tuberculosis. Which of
the following precautions should the RN initiate to prevent transmission of the
disease?
Contact precautions
Airborne precautions
Droplet precautions
Protective environment
EXPLANATION:->Tuberculosis is spread through small droplets, measuring less than
5 microns, which can remain airborne for extended periods. The RN should place a
patient who has TB under airborne precautions to prevent the spread of microbes. For
airborne precautions, the patient should be placed in a private, negative pressure room
with 6 – 12 air exchanges per hour with HEPA filtration. The RN should wear an N95
respirator while providing care to the patient. RN should also teach patient to cough and
expectorate sputum into tissues, which are disposed of in a waterproof sack = B
5. A RN is preparing a patient for a colonoscopy. Which of the following medications
should the RN anticipate the provider to prescribe as an anesthetic for the procedure?
Propofol
Pancuronium
Promethazine
Pentoxifylline
EXPLANATION:->The RN should identify that propofol is a short-acting anesthetic
medication that can be used to cause moderate sedation for procedures, such as a
colonoscopy = A
6. A RN is teaching a group of patients about the risk factors for osteoporosis. Which of
the following should the RN include as a risk factor for osteoporosis?
2
, Early
menopause
History of falls
African American
race Obesity
EXPLANATION :->A patient who goes into early menopause, form natural or surgical
causes, is at a greater risk for developing osteoporosis due to the rapid drop in estrogen
levels. Decreased estrogen leads to an increase in bone decay & decrease in the
production of osteoclasts that produce new bone.
Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disorder that results in low bone
density. It occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation,
resulting in fragile bone tissue and subsequent fractures = A
7. A RN is caring for a patient who has a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC).
For which of the following findings should the RN notify the provider?
The dressing was changed 7 days ago
The circumference of the patient’s upper arm has
increased by 10%
The catheter has not been used in 8 hr
The catheter has been flushed with 10 mL of sterile saline after medication use
EXPLANATION :->Circumference of the upper arm above the insertion site of the
PICC should be measured at the time of insertion & then again during assessments. An
increase in the circumference could indicate deep vein thrombosis, which could be life
threatening. The RN should contact the provider immediately about this finding = B
8. A RN is reviewing the medical record of a patient who has unstable angina. Which of
the following findings should the RN report to the provider?
Exhibit 1 – Graphic record: BP 106/62 mm Hg, Temp 38°C (100.4°F), HR 112/min,
Resp rate 26/min, urine output 90
mL/h hr Exhibit 2 – RN’s notes: Skin is cool & moist
with pallor need.
Bilateral breath sounds with crackles heard at bases of
lungs. Pedal pulses are present at 1+ bilateral.
Exhibit 3 – Diagnostic results: Creatine kinase 100 units/L
C-reactive protein 0.8 mg/dL
Myoglobin 88 mcg/L
Breath sounds
Temperature
Blood pressure
Creatinine
3
ASSESSMENT 2/LATEST UPDATE 2024- 2025/ 50 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES/A+ GRADE
1. A RN is teaching a group of assistive personnel (AP) about caring for patients who
have Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following information should the RN include
in the teaching?
Explain procedures in full detail to patient before
initiating care Limit a patient’s activities to minimize
emotional outbursts
Speak clearly and loudly to a patient who is unable to form words or
sentences
Provide supervision to prevent a patient from becoming injured or
lost
EXPLANATION :-> A patient who has Alzheimer's disease can wander and become
lost. The AP should initiate interventions to keep the patient safe, such as redirection,
frequent monitoring, and reorientation. The AP should encourage a patient who has
Alzheimer's disease to participate in activities for as long as possible because socializing
with others can provide the patient with comfort = D
2. A RN is developing a plan of care for a patient who will be placed in halo traction
following surgical repair of the cervical spine. Which of the following interventions
should the RN include in the plan?
Inspect the pin site every 4 hr
Monitor the patient’s skin under the halo vest
Ensure two personnel hold the halo device when repositioning the
patient
Apply powder frequently to the patient’s skin under the vest to
decrease itching
EXPLANATION :->The RN should monitor the patient’s skin that is under the halo
vest for excessive sweating, redness, or blistering which can lead to skin breakdown and
infection. To ensure the vest is not causing pressure, the RN should be able to insert one
finger between the jacket and the skin with ease = B
3. A RN is providing discharge teaching for a patient who has COPD about nutrition.
1
, Which of the following instructions should the RN include?
Eat three large meals
daily
Consume high-calorie
foods
Limit caffeinated drinks to two per
day Drink fluids during meal time
EXPLANATION :->The RN should instruct the patient to consume high-calorie, high-
protein foods to provide energy and prevent weight loss = B
4. A RN is caring for a patient who has anew diagnosis of tuberculosis. Which of
the following precautions should the RN initiate to prevent transmission of the
disease?
Contact precautions
Airborne precautions
Droplet precautions
Protective environment
EXPLANATION:->Tuberculosis is spread through small droplets, measuring less than
5 microns, which can remain airborne for extended periods. The RN should place a
patient who has TB under airborne precautions to prevent the spread of microbes. For
airborne precautions, the patient should be placed in a private, negative pressure room
with 6 – 12 air exchanges per hour with HEPA filtration. The RN should wear an N95
respirator while providing care to the patient. RN should also teach patient to cough and
expectorate sputum into tissues, which are disposed of in a waterproof sack = B
5. A RN is preparing a patient for a colonoscopy. Which of the following medications
should the RN anticipate the provider to prescribe as an anesthetic for the procedure?
Propofol
Pancuronium
Promethazine
Pentoxifylline
EXPLANATION:->The RN should identify that propofol is a short-acting anesthetic
medication that can be used to cause moderate sedation for procedures, such as a
colonoscopy = A
6. A RN is teaching a group of patients about the risk factors for osteoporosis. Which of
the following should the RN include as a risk factor for osteoporosis?
2
, Early
menopause
History of falls
African American
race Obesity
EXPLANATION :->A patient who goes into early menopause, form natural or surgical
causes, is at a greater risk for developing osteoporosis due to the rapid drop in estrogen
levels. Decreased estrogen leads to an increase in bone decay & decrease in the
production of osteoclasts that produce new bone.
Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disorder that results in low bone
density. It occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation,
resulting in fragile bone tissue and subsequent fractures = A
7. A RN is caring for a patient who has a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC).
For which of the following findings should the RN notify the provider?
The dressing was changed 7 days ago
The circumference of the patient’s upper arm has
increased by 10%
The catheter has not been used in 8 hr
The catheter has been flushed with 10 mL of sterile saline after medication use
EXPLANATION :->Circumference of the upper arm above the insertion site of the
PICC should be measured at the time of insertion & then again during assessments. An
increase in the circumference could indicate deep vein thrombosis, which could be life
threatening. The RN should contact the provider immediately about this finding = B
8. A RN is reviewing the medical record of a patient who has unstable angina. Which of
the following findings should the RN report to the provider?
Exhibit 1 – Graphic record: BP 106/62 mm Hg, Temp 38°C (100.4°F), HR 112/min,
Resp rate 26/min, urine output 90
mL/h hr Exhibit 2 – RN’s notes: Skin is cool & moist
with pallor need.
Bilateral breath sounds with crackles heard at bases of
lungs. Pedal pulses are present at 1+ bilateral.
Exhibit 3 – Diagnostic results: Creatine kinase 100 units/L
C-reactive protein 0.8 mg/dL
Myoglobin 88 mcg/L
Breath sounds
Temperature
Blood pressure
Creatinine
3
