©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Wednesday, August 21, 2024 12:13 PM
STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY
BIO 320 Exam 2 Study Guide 2024/2025
Gene - Answer✔️✔️-a unit of heredity that is transferred from a
parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of
the offspring
Genome - Answer✔️✔️-the complete set of genes or genetic material
present in a cell or organism
Introns - Answer✔️✔️-non-coding sections of the RNA that are spliced
out before the RNA is translated into a protein
Exons - Answer✔️✔️-coding sections of the RNA that will not be
spliced out and will be present in mRNA
Mature eukaryotic mRNAs have well-defined 3' ends terminating in
_____. - Answer✔️✔️-poly-A tails
Eukaryotic mRNA have a _____ consisting of a 7-methyl guanosine
residue joined to the transcript's initial nucleotide. - Answer✔️✔️-5'
cap
Solitary Gene - Answer✔️✔️-there is only one copy of the gene,
descriptive of most genes
The protein-coding sequences without including introns make up
what percentage of the human genome? - Answer✔️✔️-1.5
1
, ©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Wednesday, August 21, 2024 12:13 PM
STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY
What are the two genes that are tandemly repeated in the human
genome? - Answer✔️✔️-tRNA and histones
Simple Sequence DNA - Answer✔️✔️-constitutes about 6% of the
human genome, also called satellite DNA, concentrated near the
centromere, backward slippage is used, number of repeats are
vastly different, simple sequence is mobile; doesn't code for
anything
Paternity determination and criminal identification are based on the
variability of the number of the __________ of each individual. -
Answer✔️✔️-simple-sequence DNA
Simple Sequence DNAs are known to be located in which areas of
the chromosome - Answer✔️✔️-found in centromere and some in
telomere; interacts with the kinetochore
Simple Sequence DNA are made by which mechanism? -
Answer✔️✔️-backward slippage
The simple sequence DNA found in telomeres is synthesized by... -
Answer✔️✔️-telomerase
The tandem repeat sequence to be added on to the 3' end of DNA by
telomerase is... - Answer✔️✔️-TTAGGG
The RNA template sequence required for synthesizing he tandem
repeat sequence is... - Answer✔️✔️-AAUCCC
2
, ©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Wednesday, August 21, 2024 12:13 PM
STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY
What would be the consequence of down-regulation of telomerase
activity during in vitro cell culture? - Answer✔️✔️-the chromosome
would get shosrter and shorter each time it divided, essential genes
would be lost
Telomerase is a type of... - Answer✔️✔️-enzyme: protein-RNA complex
DNA Transposon - Answer✔️✔️-~3% of genome, a cut and paste
mechanism, has inverted repeats
Retrotransposon - Answer✔️✔️-~42% of genome, a copy and paste
mechanism, has longer terminal repeat that is not inverted
Transposons - Answer✔️✔️-constitutes about 25-50% of the human
genome, mobile, selfish DNA
What mobile sequence is able to move or transpose to a new site of
DNA by cutting and pasting it into a target sequence of DNA? -
Answer✔️✔️-DNA transposons
A primary enzyme that facilitates the transposition of the IS10
element. - Answer✔️✔️-transposase
How do selfish DNA transposons increase in frequency in the
genome? - Answer✔️✔️-transposase makes blunt-ended cuts in the
donor DNA and staggered cuts in the target DNA. Then it ligates the
insertion enzyme to 5' single stranded ends of target DNA. Then the
cellular DNA polymerase extends the 3' cut ends and the ligase
joins the extended 3' ends to the insertion enzyme 5' ends
3
STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY
BIO 320 Exam 2 Study Guide 2024/2025
Gene - Answer✔️✔️-a unit of heredity that is transferred from a
parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of
the offspring
Genome - Answer✔️✔️-the complete set of genes or genetic material
present in a cell or organism
Introns - Answer✔️✔️-non-coding sections of the RNA that are spliced
out before the RNA is translated into a protein
Exons - Answer✔️✔️-coding sections of the RNA that will not be
spliced out and will be present in mRNA
Mature eukaryotic mRNAs have well-defined 3' ends terminating in
_____. - Answer✔️✔️-poly-A tails
Eukaryotic mRNA have a _____ consisting of a 7-methyl guanosine
residue joined to the transcript's initial nucleotide. - Answer✔️✔️-5'
cap
Solitary Gene - Answer✔️✔️-there is only one copy of the gene,
descriptive of most genes
The protein-coding sequences without including introns make up
what percentage of the human genome? - Answer✔️✔️-1.5
1
, ©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Wednesday, August 21, 2024 12:13 PM
STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY
What are the two genes that are tandemly repeated in the human
genome? - Answer✔️✔️-tRNA and histones
Simple Sequence DNA - Answer✔️✔️-constitutes about 6% of the
human genome, also called satellite DNA, concentrated near the
centromere, backward slippage is used, number of repeats are
vastly different, simple sequence is mobile; doesn't code for
anything
Paternity determination and criminal identification are based on the
variability of the number of the __________ of each individual. -
Answer✔️✔️-simple-sequence DNA
Simple Sequence DNAs are known to be located in which areas of
the chromosome - Answer✔️✔️-found in centromere and some in
telomere; interacts with the kinetochore
Simple Sequence DNA are made by which mechanism? -
Answer✔️✔️-backward slippage
The simple sequence DNA found in telomeres is synthesized by... -
Answer✔️✔️-telomerase
The tandem repeat sequence to be added on to the 3' end of DNA by
telomerase is... - Answer✔️✔️-TTAGGG
The RNA template sequence required for synthesizing he tandem
repeat sequence is... - Answer✔️✔️-AAUCCC
2
, ©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Wednesday, August 21, 2024 12:13 PM
STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY
What would be the consequence of down-regulation of telomerase
activity during in vitro cell culture? - Answer✔️✔️-the chromosome
would get shosrter and shorter each time it divided, essential genes
would be lost
Telomerase is a type of... - Answer✔️✔️-enzyme: protein-RNA complex
DNA Transposon - Answer✔️✔️-~3% of genome, a cut and paste
mechanism, has inverted repeats
Retrotransposon - Answer✔️✔️-~42% of genome, a copy and paste
mechanism, has longer terminal repeat that is not inverted
Transposons - Answer✔️✔️-constitutes about 25-50% of the human
genome, mobile, selfish DNA
What mobile sequence is able to move or transpose to a new site of
DNA by cutting and pasting it into a target sequence of DNA? -
Answer✔️✔️-DNA transposons
A primary enzyme that facilitates the transposition of the IS10
element. - Answer✔️✔️-transposase
How do selfish DNA transposons increase in frequency in the
genome? - Answer✔️✔️-transposase makes blunt-ended cuts in the
donor DNA and staggered cuts in the target DNA. Then it ligates the
insertion enzyme to 5' single stranded ends of target DNA. Then the
cellular DNA polymerase extends the 3' cut ends and the ligase
joins the extended 3' ends to the insertion enzyme 5' ends
3
