ASU BIO 340 EXAM ONE 2024 WITH 100%
SOLUTIONS
selective breeding (artificial selection) - correct answer✔✔ the process of developing
organisms with specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - correct answer✔✔ Amateur botanist who published an
explanation of hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea-plant experiments
and commonly referred to as the "father of genetics"
modern genetics - correct answer✔✔ the study of heredity and the variation of inherited
characteristics
bacterial transforming principle - correct answer✔✔ an experiment proposed by Frederick
Griffith in 1928 which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent
Pneumococcus strain can transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - correct answer✔✔ biological researchers who identified
DNA as the likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.
Hershey and Chase (1952) - correct answer✔✔ concluded that the genetic material of the
bacteriophage was DNA, not protein.
Edwin Chargaff - correct answer✔✔ Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical
quantities of A and T, C and G were present in DNA (developed the complementary base-pairing
rule for DNA).
Frederick Griffith (1928) - correct answer✔✔ British bacteriologist; the first person to show
that hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather
than vertically
genome - correct answer✔✔ the complete set of genetic information carried by a species
vertical transmission - correct answer gene transmission between organisms without
parental reproduction
horizontal transmission - correct answer✔✔ gene transmission from parents to their offspring
through reproduction (aka person-to-person)
DNA replication - correct answer✔✔ the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of
itself. transcription - correct answer✔✔ synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
, mRNA (messenger RNA) - correct answer✔✔ a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes
the information to make a protein
hereditary material - correct answer✔✔ the information which is passed from one cellular
generation to the next (encoded in DNA in humans).
Pauling and Corey (1951) - correct answer✔✔ biological researchers who provided the basis
for research on DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid)
Watson and Crick (1953) - correct answer✔✔ the two scientists who discovered the structure
and shape of DNA
nucleotide - correct answer✔✔ a building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar
covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
genes - correct answer✔✔ DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary
transmission.
chromosomes - correct answer✔✔ a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein
found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of
genes. nucleoid - correct answer✔✔ a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
diploid - correct answer✔✔ containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each
parent (2n)
haploid - correct answer✔✔ an organism or cell having only one complete set of
chromosomes (n)
gametes - correct answer✔✔ human sex cells containing one set of 23 chromosomes
homologous chromosomes - correct answer✔✔ matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid
organism Chargaff's Rule - correct answer✔✔ A=T and C=G
locus - correct answer✔✔ position of a gene on a chromosome
Meselson and Stahl (1958) - correct answer✔✔ Bacterial cells were grown in a heavy isotope
of nitrogen, 15N
All the DNA incorporated 15N
SOLUTIONS
selective breeding (artificial selection) - correct answer✔✔ the process of developing
organisms with specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - correct answer✔✔ Amateur botanist who published an
explanation of hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his pea-plant experiments
and commonly referred to as the "father of genetics"
modern genetics - correct answer✔✔ the study of heredity and the variation of inherited
characteristics
bacterial transforming principle - correct answer✔✔ an experiment proposed by Frederick
Griffith in 1928 which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a heat-killed virulent
Pneumococcus strain can transform a non-virulent strain into a pathogenic one.
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - correct answer✔✔ biological researchers who identified
DNA as the likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.
Hershey and Chase (1952) - correct answer✔✔ concluded that the genetic material of the
bacteriophage was DNA, not protein.
Edwin Chargaff - correct answer✔✔ Austrian biochemist who discovered that identical
quantities of A and T, C and G were present in DNA (developed the complementary base-pairing
rule for DNA).
Frederick Griffith (1928) - correct answer✔✔ British bacteriologist; the first person to show
that hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to another horizontally rather
than vertically
genome - correct answer✔✔ the complete set of genetic information carried by a species
vertical transmission - correct answer gene transmission between organisms without
parental reproduction
horizontal transmission - correct answer✔✔ gene transmission from parents to their offspring
through reproduction (aka person-to-person)
DNA replication - correct answer✔✔ the process in which DNA makes a duplicate copy of
itself. transcription - correct answer✔✔ synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
, mRNA (messenger RNA) - correct answer✔✔ a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes
the information to make a protein
hereditary material - correct answer✔✔ the information which is passed from one cellular
generation to the next (encoded in DNA in humans).
Pauling and Corey (1951) - correct answer✔✔ biological researchers who provided the basis
for research on DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as a structure for nucleic acid)
Watson and Crick (1953) - correct answer✔✔ the two scientists who discovered the structure
and shape of DNA
nucleotide - correct answer✔✔ a building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar
covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
genes - correct answer✔✔ DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary
transmission.
chromosomes - correct answer✔✔ a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein
found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of
genes. nucleoid - correct answer✔✔ a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
diploid - correct answer✔✔ containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each
parent (2n)
haploid - correct answer✔✔ an organism or cell having only one complete set of
chromosomes (n)
gametes - correct answer✔✔ human sex cells containing one set of 23 chromosomes
homologous chromosomes - correct answer✔✔ matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid
organism Chargaff's Rule - correct answer✔✔ A=T and C=G
locus - correct answer✔✔ position of a gene on a chromosome
Meselson and Stahl (1958) - correct answer✔✔ Bacterial cells were grown in a heavy isotope
of nitrogen, 15N
All the DNA incorporated 15N
