Radiographic Pathology Exam 1
Atrophy correct answers Decrease in cell size
(eg. when muscle cells decrease in size after less use)
Autoantibodies correct answers Antibodies that are formed against and injure body's
own tissues
Autoimmune disorders correct answers When body's defense system can't tell the
difference between it's own cells and foreign cells
(eg. rheumatoid arthritis)
Congenital correct answers Diseases present at birth and resulting from genetic or
environmental factors
(eg. down syndrome is a congenital condition caused by an error in autosomal mitosis
that leads to an extra 21st chromosome)
Dysplasia correct answers Abnormal changes of mature cells
Etiology correct answers The study of the cause of a disease
Single-nucleotide poly- morphisms (SNPs) correct answers The most common genetic
variation among people
Hyperplasia correct answers An increase in the number of cells in a tissue as a result
of excessive proliferation
(eg. an estrogen secreting ovarian tumor causing endometrial epithelial cells to multiply)
Hypertrophy correct answers Increase in cell size
(eg. if aortic valve is diseased, then the left ventricle enlarges b/c of increased muscle
mass needed to pump blood into the aorta)
Idiopathic correct answers A disease or condition in which the cause is unknown
Metaplasia correct answers Conversion of one cell type to another that is abnormal for
that tissue
(eg. the epithelial cells in the respiratory tract of a smoker undergo metaplasia as a
response to the chronic irritation from chemicals in the smoke)
Morphology correct answers Structure of cells or tissue
Neoplasm correct answers New and abnormal growth of tissue
,Nosocomial correct answers Originating in a hospital
Pathogenesis correct answers The development of a disease
Sequelae correct answers Consequence of a previous disease or injury
Invasion
Seeding correct answers Cancerous cells spread into surrounding tissue
Cancerous cells travel to distant sites
Syndrome correct answers A group of signs and symptoms that characterizes a
specific abnormal disturbance
Ioatrogenic correct answers Adverse responses caused by medical treatment
Endemic correct answers Diseases of high prevalence in an area where a given
causative organism is commonly found are said to be endemic to that area
Genome correct answers Set of chromosomes in each cell
Physical maps
Genetic maps correct answers Physical maps: used to determine the physical location
of a particular gene on a specific chromosome.
Genetic Maps: used to assign the distance between the genetic markers; mapping or
linking DNA fragments to a specific chromosome.
Genetic linkage maps are useful in tracking inheritance traits and diseases b/c genetic
markers that are in proximity increase the probability that the genes will be inherited
together.
Haplotype correct answers Comprises closely linked SNP on a single chromosome and
is important in identifying specific DNA sequences affecting disease, response to
pharmaceuticals, and response to environmental factors.
Hemophilia correct answers No proper blood clotting
Debridement correct answers Removal of dead cells and materials; an essential
component of the healing process
Virulence correct answers Ease with which an organism can cause disease
Metastasis correct answers The spread of malignant cancer cells to locations distant
from their original site
, Hematogenous spread
Lymphatic spread correct answers Cancerous cells spread via blood vessels
(circulatory system).
Cancerous cells spread via lymphatic system
Sentinal lymph node correct answers The first lymph node to which the primary tumor
spreads
Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Leukemia
Lymphoma correct answers Cancer derived from: Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Blood cells
Lymphatic cells
Diploë correct answers The cancellous bone located within the skull which separates
the inner and outer layers of the compact bone
Compact bone (Cortical bone)
Medullary Canal
Trabecular pattern correct answers Outer portion of the bone
Inner portion of the bone made of cancellous bone. Bone marrow is located within the
medullary canal
Spongy or web like bony structure
Osteoblasts correct answers Bone forming cells that line the medullary canal.
Responsible for bone growth, thickening, and ossification.
Osteoclasts correct answers Specialized cells that break down bones to enlarge the
medullary canal and allow for bone growth.
Diaphysis correct answers The shaft portion of a long bone.
Atrophy correct answers Decrease in cell size
(eg. when muscle cells decrease in size after less use)
Autoantibodies correct answers Antibodies that are formed against and injure body's
own tissues
Autoimmune disorders correct answers When body's defense system can't tell the
difference between it's own cells and foreign cells
(eg. rheumatoid arthritis)
Congenital correct answers Diseases present at birth and resulting from genetic or
environmental factors
(eg. down syndrome is a congenital condition caused by an error in autosomal mitosis
that leads to an extra 21st chromosome)
Dysplasia correct answers Abnormal changes of mature cells
Etiology correct answers The study of the cause of a disease
Single-nucleotide poly- morphisms (SNPs) correct answers The most common genetic
variation among people
Hyperplasia correct answers An increase in the number of cells in a tissue as a result
of excessive proliferation
(eg. an estrogen secreting ovarian tumor causing endometrial epithelial cells to multiply)
Hypertrophy correct answers Increase in cell size
(eg. if aortic valve is diseased, then the left ventricle enlarges b/c of increased muscle
mass needed to pump blood into the aorta)
Idiopathic correct answers A disease or condition in which the cause is unknown
Metaplasia correct answers Conversion of one cell type to another that is abnormal for
that tissue
(eg. the epithelial cells in the respiratory tract of a smoker undergo metaplasia as a
response to the chronic irritation from chemicals in the smoke)
Morphology correct answers Structure of cells or tissue
Neoplasm correct answers New and abnormal growth of tissue
,Nosocomial correct answers Originating in a hospital
Pathogenesis correct answers The development of a disease
Sequelae correct answers Consequence of a previous disease or injury
Invasion
Seeding correct answers Cancerous cells spread into surrounding tissue
Cancerous cells travel to distant sites
Syndrome correct answers A group of signs and symptoms that characterizes a
specific abnormal disturbance
Ioatrogenic correct answers Adverse responses caused by medical treatment
Endemic correct answers Diseases of high prevalence in an area where a given
causative organism is commonly found are said to be endemic to that area
Genome correct answers Set of chromosomes in each cell
Physical maps
Genetic maps correct answers Physical maps: used to determine the physical location
of a particular gene on a specific chromosome.
Genetic Maps: used to assign the distance between the genetic markers; mapping or
linking DNA fragments to a specific chromosome.
Genetic linkage maps are useful in tracking inheritance traits and diseases b/c genetic
markers that are in proximity increase the probability that the genes will be inherited
together.
Haplotype correct answers Comprises closely linked SNP on a single chromosome and
is important in identifying specific DNA sequences affecting disease, response to
pharmaceuticals, and response to environmental factors.
Hemophilia correct answers No proper blood clotting
Debridement correct answers Removal of dead cells and materials; an essential
component of the healing process
Virulence correct answers Ease with which an organism can cause disease
Metastasis correct answers The spread of malignant cancer cells to locations distant
from their original site
, Hematogenous spread
Lymphatic spread correct answers Cancerous cells spread via blood vessels
(circulatory system).
Cancerous cells spread via lymphatic system
Sentinal lymph node correct answers The first lymph node to which the primary tumor
spreads
Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Leukemia
Lymphoma correct answers Cancer derived from: Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Blood cells
Lymphatic cells
Diploë correct answers The cancellous bone located within the skull which separates
the inner and outer layers of the compact bone
Compact bone (Cortical bone)
Medullary Canal
Trabecular pattern correct answers Outer portion of the bone
Inner portion of the bone made of cancellous bone. Bone marrow is located within the
medullary canal
Spongy or web like bony structure
Osteoblasts correct answers Bone forming cells that line the medullary canal.
Responsible for bone growth, thickening, and ossification.
Osteoclasts correct answers Specialized cells that break down bones to enlarge the
medullary canal and allow for bone growth.
Diaphysis correct answers The shaft portion of a long bone.
