Campbell Biology in Focus - Chapter
36
abortion - ANSWER the deliberate termination of a pregnancy
acrosome - ANSWER a process at the anterior end of a sperm cell that produces enzymes to
facilitate penetration of the egg
androgens/estrogens - ANSWER sex hormones
archenteron - ANSWER Developing digestive tract
asexual reproduction - ANSWER the creation of offspring without the fusion of egg and
sperm (gametes)
assisted reproductive technologies - ANSWER medical techniques used to increase fertility.
birth control pills - ANSWER Chemical contraceptives that inhibit ovulation, retard follicular
development, or alter a woman's cervical mucus to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.
blastocel - ANSWER The inner fluid filled cavity of the Blastocyst
blastocyst - ANSWER A fluid-filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum
that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the
endometrium of the uterus.
blastopore - ANSWER the opening of the archenteron that typically develops into the anus
blastula - ANSWER The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early
embryonic development
budding - ANSWER asexual reproduction in which new individuals arise from outgrowths of
existing ones
bulbourethral glands - ANSWER Secrete clear, alkaline (basic) mucus that balances acidity
of vagina and any traces of urine in urethra. Also carries some sperm released before ejaculation.
cervix - ANSWER the opening to the uterus
cleavage - ANSWER After fertilization, the sperm and egg become a zygote, which then
begins a number of cell divisions called
clitoris - ANSWER a female sexual organ homologous to the penis
cloaca - ANSWER a common opening between the external environment and the digestive,
excretory, and reproductive systems
(a muscular cavity at the end of the large intestine through which digestive wastes, urine, and eggs or
sperm leave the body)
coitus - ANSWER sexual intercourse, copulation
Coitus interruptus - ANSWER a method of birth control in which coitus is initiated but the
penis is deliberately withdrawn before ejaculation
, Campbell Biology in Focus - Chapter
36
conception - ANSWER A single sperm cell (male) penetrates the outer coating of the egg
(female) and fuses to form one fertilized cell.
condom - ANSWER contraceptive device consisting of a thin rubber or latex sheath worn
over the penis during intercourse
Contraception - ANSWER birth control by the use of devices (diaphragm or intrauterine
device or condom) or drugs or surgery
corpus luteum - ANSWER a mass forms after ovulation and is a hormone secreting
glandular structure
corpus luteum - ANSWER yellow endocrine tissue that forms in a ruptured Graafian follicle
following the release of an ovum
diaphragm - ANSWER a contraceptive device consisting of a flexible dome-shaped cup
made of rubber or plastic
dizygotic - ANSWER Fraternal twins
ectoderm - ANSWER ...outermost germ layer of the embryonic gastrula nervous system and
skin
ectopic - ANSWER pregnancy outside the uterus
egg - ANSWER the female gamete; is large and non-motile
ejaculation - ANSWER the discharge of semen in males
ejaculatory duct - ANSWER a part of the seminal duct formed by the duct from the seminal
vesicle and the vas deferens
embryonic germ layers - ANSWER ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm
endoderm - ANSWER Embryonic germ layer; forms the lining of the digestive tube and its
associated structures.
endometriosis - ANSWER the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the
uterus
endometrium - ANSWER inner lining of the uterus
epididymis - ANSWER structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm fully
mature and are stored
estradiol and progesterone - ANSWER The major estrogens; they are 2 hormones secreted
by the ovaries in a female
estrous cycles - ANSWER type of reproductive cycle in which thickened endometrium is
reabsorbed.
36
abortion - ANSWER the deliberate termination of a pregnancy
acrosome - ANSWER a process at the anterior end of a sperm cell that produces enzymes to
facilitate penetration of the egg
androgens/estrogens - ANSWER sex hormones
archenteron - ANSWER Developing digestive tract
asexual reproduction - ANSWER the creation of offspring without the fusion of egg and
sperm (gametes)
assisted reproductive technologies - ANSWER medical techniques used to increase fertility.
birth control pills - ANSWER Chemical contraceptives that inhibit ovulation, retard follicular
development, or alter a woman's cervical mucus to prevent sperm from entering the uterus.
blastocel - ANSWER The inner fluid filled cavity of the Blastocyst
blastocyst - ANSWER A fluid-filled sphere formed about 5 days after fertilization of an ovum
that is made up of an outer ring of cells and inner cell mass. THis is the structure that implants in the
endometrium of the uterus.
blastopore - ANSWER the opening of the archenteron that typically develops into the anus
blastula - ANSWER The hollow ball of cells marking the end stage of cleavage during early
embryonic development
budding - ANSWER asexual reproduction in which new individuals arise from outgrowths of
existing ones
bulbourethral glands - ANSWER Secrete clear, alkaline (basic) mucus that balances acidity
of vagina and any traces of urine in urethra. Also carries some sperm released before ejaculation.
cervix - ANSWER the opening to the uterus
cleavage - ANSWER After fertilization, the sperm and egg become a zygote, which then
begins a number of cell divisions called
clitoris - ANSWER a female sexual organ homologous to the penis
cloaca - ANSWER a common opening between the external environment and the digestive,
excretory, and reproductive systems
(a muscular cavity at the end of the large intestine through which digestive wastes, urine, and eggs or
sperm leave the body)
coitus - ANSWER sexual intercourse, copulation
Coitus interruptus - ANSWER a method of birth control in which coitus is initiated but the
penis is deliberately withdrawn before ejaculation
, Campbell Biology in Focus - Chapter
36
conception - ANSWER A single sperm cell (male) penetrates the outer coating of the egg
(female) and fuses to form one fertilized cell.
condom - ANSWER contraceptive device consisting of a thin rubber or latex sheath worn
over the penis during intercourse
Contraception - ANSWER birth control by the use of devices (diaphragm or intrauterine
device or condom) or drugs or surgery
corpus luteum - ANSWER a mass forms after ovulation and is a hormone secreting
glandular structure
corpus luteum - ANSWER yellow endocrine tissue that forms in a ruptured Graafian follicle
following the release of an ovum
diaphragm - ANSWER a contraceptive device consisting of a flexible dome-shaped cup
made of rubber or plastic
dizygotic - ANSWER Fraternal twins
ectoderm - ANSWER ...outermost germ layer of the embryonic gastrula nervous system and
skin
ectopic - ANSWER pregnancy outside the uterus
egg - ANSWER the female gamete; is large and non-motile
ejaculation - ANSWER the discharge of semen in males
ejaculatory duct - ANSWER a part of the seminal duct formed by the duct from the seminal
vesicle and the vas deferens
embryonic germ layers - ANSWER ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm
endoderm - ANSWER Embryonic germ layer; forms the lining of the digestive tube and its
associated structures.
endometriosis - ANSWER the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the
uterus
endometrium - ANSWER inner lining of the uterus
epididymis - ANSWER structure in the male reproductive system in which sperm fully
mature and are stored
estradiol and progesterone - ANSWER The major estrogens; they are 2 hormones secreted
by the ovaries in a female
estrous cycles - ANSWER type of reproductive cycle in which thickened endometrium is
reabsorbed.
