ATI COMPREHENSIVE & MED SURG
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS
Do not delegate - Answer-What you can EAT
E-evaluate A-assess T-teach
Better peripheral perfusion? - Answer-EleVate Veins, DAngle Arteries
APGAR - Answer-Appearance (all pink, pink and blue, blue (pale)
Pulse (>100, <100, absent)
Grimace (cough, grimace, no response)
Activity (flexed, flaccid, limp)
Respirations (strong cry, weak cry, absent)
Airborne precautions - Answer-My chicken hez tb (measles, chickenpox (varicella)
Herpes zoster/shingles TB
Airborne precautions protective equip - Answer-private room, neg pressure with 6-12 air
exchanges/hr mask N95 for TB
Droplet precautions - Answer-spiderman! sepsis, scarlet fever, streptococcal
pharyngitis, parvovirus, pneumonia, pertussis,
influenza,
diptheria,
epiglottitis,
rubella,
mumps, meningitis, mycoplasma or meningeal pneumonia, adeNovirus (Private room
or cohort mask!)
Contact precaution - Answer-MRS WEE
Multidrug resistant organism
Rresiratory infection
Skin infection
Wound infection
Enteric infection (C diff)
Eye infection (conjunctivitis)
Skin infection - Answer-VCHIPS
Varicella zoster
Cutaneous diptheria
Herpes simplez
Impetigo
Peduculosis
,Scabies
Air or Pulmonary Embolism - Answer-S/S chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia,
pale/cyanotic, sense of impending doom. (turn pt to LEFT side and LOWER the head of
bed.)
Woman in labor (un-reassuring FHR) - Answer-(late decels, decreased variability, fetal
bradycardia, etc) Turn pt on Left side, give O2, stop pitocin, Increase IV fluids!
Tube feeding with decreased LOC - Answer-Pt on Right side (promotes emptying of the
stomach) Head of bed elevated (prevent aspiration)
After lumbar puncture and oil based myelogram - Answer-pt is flat SUPINE (prevent
headache and leaking of CSF)
Pt with heat stroke - Answer-flat with legs elevated
during Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI) - Answer-catheter is taped to the thigh. leg
must be kept straight.
After Myringotomy - Answer-position on the side of AFFECTED ear, allows drainage.
After Cateract surgery - Answer-pt sleep on UNAFFECTED side with a night shield for
1-4 weeks
after Thyroidectomy - Answer-low or semi-fowler's position, support head, neck and
shoulders.
Infant with Spina Bifida - Answer-Prone so that sac does not rupture
Buck's Traction (skin) - Answer-elevate foot of bed for counter traction
After total hip replacement - Answer-don't sleep on side of surgery, don't flex hip more
than 45-60 degress, don't elevate Head Of Bed more than 45 degrees. Maintain hip
abduction by separating thighs with pillows.
Prolapsed cord - Answer-Knee to chest or Trendelenburg
Cleft Lip - Answer-position on back or in infant seat to prevent trauma to the suture line.
while feeding hold in upright position.
To prevent dumping syndrome - Answer-(post operative ulcer/stomach surgeries) eat in
reclining position. Lie down after meals for 20-30 min. also restrict fluids during meals,
low CHO and fiber diet. small, frequent meals.
,AKA (above knee amputation) - Answer-elevate for first 24 hours on pillow. position
prone daily to maintain hip extension.
BKA (below knee amputation) - Answer-foot of bed elevated for first 24 hours. position
prone to provide hip extension.
detached retina - Answer-area of detachment should be in the dependent position
administration of enema - Answer-pt should be left side lying (Sim's) with knee flexed.
After supratentorial surgery - Answer-(incision behind hairline on forhead) elevate HOB
30-40 degrees
After infratentorial surgery - Answer-(incision at the nape of neck) position pt flat and
lateral on either side.
During internal radiation - Answer-on bed rest while implant in place
Shock - Answer-bedrest with extremities elevated 20 degrees. knees straight, head
slightly elevated (modified Trendelenberg)
Head Injury - Answer-elevate HOB 30 degrees to decrease ICP
Peritoneal Dialysis (when outflow is inadequate) - Answer-turn pt from side to side
BEFORE checking for kinks in tubing
Lumbar Puncture - Answer-After the procedure, the pt should be supine for 4-12 hours
as prescribed.
Myesthenia Gravis - Answer-worsens with exercise and improves with rest
Myesthenia Gravis - Answer-a positive reaction to Tensilon---will improve symptoms
Cholinergic Crisis - Answer-Caused by excessive medication ---stop giving
Tensilon...will make it worse.
Liver biopsy (prior) - Answer-must have lab results for prothrombin time
hypothyroidism
aka? - Answer-Myxedema
slowed physical and mental function, sensitivity to cold, dry skin and hair.
hyperthyroidism
aka? - Answer-Grave's Disease
accelerated physical and mental function. Sensitivity to heat. Fine/soft hair.
, Thyroid storm - Answer-increased temp, pulse and HTN
Post-Thyroidectomy - Answer-semi-fowler's. Prevent neck flexion/hyperextension. Trach
at bedside
Hypo-parathyroid - Answer-CATS---Convulsions, Arrhythmias, Tetany, Spasms, Stridor.
(decreased calcium) give high calcium, low phosphorus diet
Hyper-parathyroid - Answer-fatigue, muscle weakness, renal calculi, back and joint pain
(increased calcium) give a low calcium high phosphorous diet
Hypovolemia - Answer-increased temp, rapid/weak pulse, increase respiration,
hypotension, anxiety. Urine specific gravity >1.030
Hypervolemia - Answer-bounding pulse, SOB, dyspnea, rales/crackles, peripheral
edema, HTN, urine specific gravity <1.010. semi fowler's
Diabetes insipidus (decreased ADH) - Answer-excessive urine output and thirst,
dehydration, weakness, administer Pitressin
SIADH (increased ADH) - Answer-change in LOC, decreased deep tendon reflexes,
tachycardia. N/V HA administer Declomycin, diuretics
hypokalemia - Answer-muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, increase K (rasins bananas
apricots, oranges, beans, potatoes, carrots, celery)
Hyperkalemia - Answer-MURDER Muscle weakness, Urine (olig, anuria) Resp
depression, decreased cardiac contractility, ECG changes, reflexes
Hyponatremia - Answer-nausea, muscle cramps, increased ICP, muscular twitching,
convulsions. give osmotic diuretics (Mannitol) and fluids
Hypernatremia - Answer-increased temp, weakness, disorientation, dilusions,
hypotension, tachycardia. give hypotonic solution.
Hypocalcemia - Answer-CATS Convulsions, Arrythmias, Tetany, spasms and stridor
+Trosseaus
+Chovasteks
Hypercalcemia - Answer-muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain,
confusion, absent tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency!
Hypo Mg - Answer-Tremors, tetany, seizures, dysthythmias, depression, confusion,
dysphagia, (dig toxicity)
EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS
Do not delegate - Answer-What you can EAT
E-evaluate A-assess T-teach
Better peripheral perfusion? - Answer-EleVate Veins, DAngle Arteries
APGAR - Answer-Appearance (all pink, pink and blue, blue (pale)
Pulse (>100, <100, absent)
Grimace (cough, grimace, no response)
Activity (flexed, flaccid, limp)
Respirations (strong cry, weak cry, absent)
Airborne precautions - Answer-My chicken hez tb (measles, chickenpox (varicella)
Herpes zoster/shingles TB
Airborne precautions protective equip - Answer-private room, neg pressure with 6-12 air
exchanges/hr mask N95 for TB
Droplet precautions - Answer-spiderman! sepsis, scarlet fever, streptococcal
pharyngitis, parvovirus, pneumonia, pertussis,
influenza,
diptheria,
epiglottitis,
rubella,
mumps, meningitis, mycoplasma or meningeal pneumonia, adeNovirus (Private room
or cohort mask!)
Contact precaution - Answer-MRS WEE
Multidrug resistant organism
Rresiratory infection
Skin infection
Wound infection
Enteric infection (C diff)
Eye infection (conjunctivitis)
Skin infection - Answer-VCHIPS
Varicella zoster
Cutaneous diptheria
Herpes simplez
Impetigo
Peduculosis
,Scabies
Air or Pulmonary Embolism - Answer-S/S chest pain, dyspnea, tachycardia,
pale/cyanotic, sense of impending doom. (turn pt to LEFT side and LOWER the head of
bed.)
Woman in labor (un-reassuring FHR) - Answer-(late decels, decreased variability, fetal
bradycardia, etc) Turn pt on Left side, give O2, stop pitocin, Increase IV fluids!
Tube feeding with decreased LOC - Answer-Pt on Right side (promotes emptying of the
stomach) Head of bed elevated (prevent aspiration)
After lumbar puncture and oil based myelogram - Answer-pt is flat SUPINE (prevent
headache and leaking of CSF)
Pt with heat stroke - Answer-flat with legs elevated
during Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI) - Answer-catheter is taped to the thigh. leg
must be kept straight.
After Myringotomy - Answer-position on the side of AFFECTED ear, allows drainage.
After Cateract surgery - Answer-pt sleep on UNAFFECTED side with a night shield for
1-4 weeks
after Thyroidectomy - Answer-low or semi-fowler's position, support head, neck and
shoulders.
Infant with Spina Bifida - Answer-Prone so that sac does not rupture
Buck's Traction (skin) - Answer-elevate foot of bed for counter traction
After total hip replacement - Answer-don't sleep on side of surgery, don't flex hip more
than 45-60 degress, don't elevate Head Of Bed more than 45 degrees. Maintain hip
abduction by separating thighs with pillows.
Prolapsed cord - Answer-Knee to chest or Trendelenburg
Cleft Lip - Answer-position on back or in infant seat to prevent trauma to the suture line.
while feeding hold in upright position.
To prevent dumping syndrome - Answer-(post operative ulcer/stomach surgeries) eat in
reclining position. Lie down after meals for 20-30 min. also restrict fluids during meals,
low CHO and fiber diet. small, frequent meals.
,AKA (above knee amputation) - Answer-elevate for first 24 hours on pillow. position
prone daily to maintain hip extension.
BKA (below knee amputation) - Answer-foot of bed elevated for first 24 hours. position
prone to provide hip extension.
detached retina - Answer-area of detachment should be in the dependent position
administration of enema - Answer-pt should be left side lying (Sim's) with knee flexed.
After supratentorial surgery - Answer-(incision behind hairline on forhead) elevate HOB
30-40 degrees
After infratentorial surgery - Answer-(incision at the nape of neck) position pt flat and
lateral on either side.
During internal radiation - Answer-on bed rest while implant in place
Shock - Answer-bedrest with extremities elevated 20 degrees. knees straight, head
slightly elevated (modified Trendelenberg)
Head Injury - Answer-elevate HOB 30 degrees to decrease ICP
Peritoneal Dialysis (when outflow is inadequate) - Answer-turn pt from side to side
BEFORE checking for kinks in tubing
Lumbar Puncture - Answer-After the procedure, the pt should be supine for 4-12 hours
as prescribed.
Myesthenia Gravis - Answer-worsens with exercise and improves with rest
Myesthenia Gravis - Answer-a positive reaction to Tensilon---will improve symptoms
Cholinergic Crisis - Answer-Caused by excessive medication ---stop giving
Tensilon...will make it worse.
Liver biopsy (prior) - Answer-must have lab results for prothrombin time
hypothyroidism
aka? - Answer-Myxedema
slowed physical and mental function, sensitivity to cold, dry skin and hair.
hyperthyroidism
aka? - Answer-Grave's Disease
accelerated physical and mental function. Sensitivity to heat. Fine/soft hair.
, Thyroid storm - Answer-increased temp, pulse and HTN
Post-Thyroidectomy - Answer-semi-fowler's. Prevent neck flexion/hyperextension. Trach
at bedside
Hypo-parathyroid - Answer-CATS---Convulsions, Arrhythmias, Tetany, Spasms, Stridor.
(decreased calcium) give high calcium, low phosphorus diet
Hyper-parathyroid - Answer-fatigue, muscle weakness, renal calculi, back and joint pain
(increased calcium) give a low calcium high phosphorous diet
Hypovolemia - Answer-increased temp, rapid/weak pulse, increase respiration,
hypotension, anxiety. Urine specific gravity >1.030
Hypervolemia - Answer-bounding pulse, SOB, dyspnea, rales/crackles, peripheral
edema, HTN, urine specific gravity <1.010. semi fowler's
Diabetes insipidus (decreased ADH) - Answer-excessive urine output and thirst,
dehydration, weakness, administer Pitressin
SIADH (increased ADH) - Answer-change in LOC, decreased deep tendon reflexes,
tachycardia. N/V HA administer Declomycin, diuretics
hypokalemia - Answer-muscle weakness, dysrhythmias, increase K (rasins bananas
apricots, oranges, beans, potatoes, carrots, celery)
Hyperkalemia - Answer-MURDER Muscle weakness, Urine (olig, anuria) Resp
depression, decreased cardiac contractility, ECG changes, reflexes
Hyponatremia - Answer-nausea, muscle cramps, increased ICP, muscular twitching,
convulsions. give osmotic diuretics (Mannitol) and fluids
Hypernatremia - Answer-increased temp, weakness, disorientation, dilusions,
hypotension, tachycardia. give hypotonic solution.
Hypocalcemia - Answer-CATS Convulsions, Arrythmias, Tetany, spasms and stridor
+Trosseaus
+Chovasteks
Hypercalcemia - Answer-muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain,
confusion, absent tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency!
Hypo Mg - Answer-Tremors, tetany, seizures, dysthythmias, depression, confusion,
dysphagia, (dig toxicity)
