NAS2 CHALLENGE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS.

NAS2 CHALLENGE EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS


Purpose of Scientific Method - solve a problem or answer a question
c c c c c c c c c c c




Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Observe & Record, Analyze, Conclude - steps of
c c c c c c c c c c


scientific method
c c




Independent variable - a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other
c c c c c c c c c c c c c


cvariables you are trying to measure, change or controlled
c c c c c c c c




example: age c




dependent variable - a variable dependent on other factors, tested or measured
c c c c c c c c c c c
c


example: test score - factors that go into a score you receive on a test
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c




control group - does not receive treatment and used to compare or measure the other
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c


subjects
c




experimental group - exposed to changes in independent variable
c c c c c c c c




anatomy - branch of science concerned with bodily structure of living organisms;
c c c c c c c c c c c


structure
c




physiology - science dealing with the functions of living things or their organs
c c c c c c c c c c c c




level of organization - living things arranged from the simplest to most complex are:
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c


organelle
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems, organism
c c


populations communities c


ecosystem
biosphere

requirements for life - Cellular organization c c c c c


Reproduction
Metabolism
Homeostasis

, Heredity
Response to stimuli c c


Growth and development
c c


Adaptation through evolution c c




survival needs - Food, oxygen, water, body temperature, atmospheric pressure
c c c c c c c c c


(oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange)
c c c




homeostasis - relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that
c c c c c c c c c


organisms maintain
c c




receptor - senses environmental stimulus and sends info to control center
c c c c c c c c c c




control center - hypothalamus
c c c


signals effector c




effector - responds to stimuli
c c c c c


example: muscle contracting c c




negative feedback mechanisms - net effect is that the original output of the system shuts
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c


off the original stimulus or reduces the intensity
c c c c c c c c


homeostasis

negative feedback mechanisms - most common form of homeostasis, bringing people
c c c c c c c c c c


back to normal functioning
c c c c




negative feedback mechanisms - example of homeostasis: adjustments of blood
c c c c c c c c c


pressure, metabolism, body temp
c c c c




positive feedback mechanisms - form of homeostasis
c c c c c c


level of variable changes in same direction as initial change
c c c c c c c c c


enhances or accelerates output created by activated stimulus
c c c c c c c




positive feedback mechanisms - example of type of homeostasis: platelet aggregation or
c c c c c c c c c c c


accumulation in response to injury, child birth
c c c c c c c




anatomical position - erect position, face forward, arms at side, palms face forward
c c c c c c c c c c c c




used to describe relation to other things
c c c c c c




coronal, sagittal, transverse - 3 major planes of dissection
c c c c c c c c




cranial - brain body region
c c c c




spinal/vertebral - spinal cord body region c c c c c