PENN FOSTER ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT WELL DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH A 100% GUARANTEED PASS TO
CONCEPTS
Radiography Positioning Terminology:
Ventro-Dorsal (VD) - ✔✔On back, legs up
Radiography Positioning Terminology:
Dorso-Ventral (DV) - ✔✔On stomach, back up
Radiography Positioning Terminology:
Right lateral view - ✔✔Left side up
Define: Brisket - ✔✔
What two cavities does the diaphragm separate? - ✔✔thoracic and abdominal cavities
What membrane lines the abdominal cavity? - ✔✔peritoneum
What membrane lines the thoracic cavity? - ✔✔pleura
Name the 4 types of tissues - ✔✔epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
Define adipose tissue - ✔✔A type of connective tissue also known as fat that gives smoothness and
contour to the body.
Define the xiphoid process - ✔✔inferior portion of the sternum
,Three types of chemical mixtures - ✔✔Solution
Suspended
Colloid = emulsion
What is the most common buffer system? - ✔✔carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Four groups of macromolecules - ✔✔carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Name one disaccharide and two polysaccharides - ✔✔sucrose
glycogen, starch, and cellulose
Define dehydration synthesis - ✔✔Process by which a large molecule is synthesized by removing water
and covalently bonding smaller molecules together. Anabolism drives dehydration synthesis and
catabolism drives hydrolysis.
Four classes of lipids - ✔✔triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, eicosanoids
Define hydrolysis - ✔✔when triglycerides are decomposed and water molecules are consumed to
produce energy for the body
Components of a phospholipid - ✔✔One glycerol molecule, two fatty acid chains, one phosphate group
(water-soluble head).
Steroid composition - ✔✔lipids that take form of 4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings
Eicosanoid composition - ✔✔lipids formed from a 20-carbon fatty acid and a ring structure
Three types of eicosanoids - ✔✔prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes
, Amino acid composition - ✔✔- central carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom
- amino group (NH2) carboxyl group
(COOH)
- side chain = R group
(Building blocks of proteins)
Four levels of protein structure - ✔✔primary - sequence and number of amino acids that link together to
form the peptide chain
secondary - natural bend of parts of
the peptide chain. most common shapes are
oalpha helix (spring shape) and obeta-pleated sheet (accordion shape).
tertiary - overall shape of a single
molecule
quaternary - two or more protein chains join to form a macromolecule.
Define and give an example of a structural protein - ✔✔Long, stable, rigid, and water-insoluble. A fibrous
protein. i.e. collagen, keratin.
Give an example of a functional protein - ✔✔Changeable shape, flexible, three-dimensional, and water-
soluble. A globular protein. i.e. hemoglobin, antibodies, protein- based hormones, and enzymes.
Nucleotide composition - ✔✔nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group
Name the nucleotides - ✔✔Adenine, thymine/uracil, cytosine, guanine
Who named cells "cells"? - ✔✔Robert Hooke
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT WELL DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH A 100% GUARANTEED PASS TO
CONCEPTS
Radiography Positioning Terminology:
Ventro-Dorsal (VD) - ✔✔On back, legs up
Radiography Positioning Terminology:
Dorso-Ventral (DV) - ✔✔On stomach, back up
Radiography Positioning Terminology:
Right lateral view - ✔✔Left side up
Define: Brisket - ✔✔
What two cavities does the diaphragm separate? - ✔✔thoracic and abdominal cavities
What membrane lines the abdominal cavity? - ✔✔peritoneum
What membrane lines the thoracic cavity? - ✔✔pleura
Name the 4 types of tissues - ✔✔epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
Define adipose tissue - ✔✔A type of connective tissue also known as fat that gives smoothness and
contour to the body.
Define the xiphoid process - ✔✔inferior portion of the sternum
,Three types of chemical mixtures - ✔✔Solution
Suspended
Colloid = emulsion
What is the most common buffer system? - ✔✔carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Four groups of macromolecules - ✔✔carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Name one disaccharide and two polysaccharides - ✔✔sucrose
glycogen, starch, and cellulose
Define dehydration synthesis - ✔✔Process by which a large molecule is synthesized by removing water
and covalently bonding smaller molecules together. Anabolism drives dehydration synthesis and
catabolism drives hydrolysis.
Four classes of lipids - ✔✔triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, eicosanoids
Define hydrolysis - ✔✔when triglycerides are decomposed and water molecules are consumed to
produce energy for the body
Components of a phospholipid - ✔✔One glycerol molecule, two fatty acid chains, one phosphate group
(water-soluble head).
Steroid composition - ✔✔lipids that take form of 4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings
Eicosanoid composition - ✔✔lipids formed from a 20-carbon fatty acid and a ring structure
Three types of eicosanoids - ✔✔prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes
, Amino acid composition - ✔✔- central carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom
- amino group (NH2) carboxyl group
(COOH)
- side chain = R group
(Building blocks of proteins)
Four levels of protein structure - ✔✔primary - sequence and number of amino acids that link together to
form the peptide chain
secondary - natural bend of parts of
the peptide chain. most common shapes are
oalpha helix (spring shape) and obeta-pleated sheet (accordion shape).
tertiary - overall shape of a single
molecule
quaternary - two or more protein chains join to form a macromolecule.
Define and give an example of a structural protein - ✔✔Long, stable, rigid, and water-insoluble. A fibrous
protein. i.e. collagen, keratin.
Give an example of a functional protein - ✔✔Changeable shape, flexible, three-dimensional, and water-
soluble. A globular protein. i.e. hemoglobin, antibodies, protein- based hormones, and enzymes.
Nucleotide composition - ✔✔nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group
Name the nucleotides - ✔✔Adenine, thymine/uracil, cytosine, guanine
Who named cells "cells"? - ✔✔Robert Hooke
