NURS 5315 UTA Exam 1 Concept and Clinical Complication COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

NURS 5315 UTA Exam 1: Concept and Clinical
Complication COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS




Action .Potential: .Hypokalemia .leads .to .what .complications .- .correct .answers-
Potassium .leaves .the .cell .leaving .behind .negative .anions, .cell .hyperpolarizes .making .the .cell .more .n
egative .and .therefore .less .excitable



CC: .Weakness, .Smooth .Muscle .atony, .parathesias .(pins .and .needles), .Cardiac .dysrythmias

Action .Potential: .Hyperkalemia .lead .to .what .complications .- .correct .answers-
Increased .potassium .will .come .into .the .cell .and .make .it .more .positive, .depolarization .will .occur .taki
ng .the .RMP .closer .to .the .Threshold .potential. .This .makes .cells .more .excitable. .



CC: .Peak .T .waves, .Widening .QRS .Complex, .paralysis, .paresthesia, .weakness, .cardiac .dysrhythmia

Action .Potential: .Hypercalcemia .- .correct .answers-High .calcium .
(Ca2+) .decreases .the .cells .permeability .to .Na+ .ions. .Cell .becomes .less .positive. .Hyper .polarized .and .
less .excitable .



CC: .Weakness, .hyporeflexia, .fatigue, .lethargy, .confusion, .encephalopathy, .Shorted .QT .segment, .Depr
essed .widened .T .waves

Action .Potential: .Hypocalcemia .- .correct .answers-
Less .Calcium .leads .to .more .per .i .ability .of .Na+ .ions .into .the .cell. .The .cell .becomes .more .positive .an
d .depolarizes. .Closed .to .threshold .potential .means .more .excitable .cells. .



CC: .Tetany .
(involuntary .contraction .of .muscle), .hyperreflexia, .circumoral .paresthesia, .seizures, .dysrythmias

, Atrophy .- .correct .answers-
CC: .Decreased .muscle .size .due .to .lack .of .exercise .or .bed .ridden, .reduced .thymus .in .children .as .they
.grow


Hypertrophy .- .correct .answers-Physiologic: .Increased .muscle .size .when .exercising

Pathologic: .cardiomegaly .in .HTN, .kidney .growth .when .one .kidney .is .removed

Hyperplasia .- .correct .answers-
Physiologic: .Liver .regeneration .after .resection, .uterine .and .mammary .gland .enlargement .in .pregnanc
y.



Pathologic: .Endometrial .lining .in .response .to .estrogen .(Endometrial .Cancer)

Metaplasia .- .correct .answers-
Pathologic: .Chronic .Smokers .Columnar .cells .to .Squamous .cells, .Barrett .Esophagus .(Normal .squamous
.epithelial .cells .replaced .by .columnar .cells) .in .response .to .heart .burn, .GERD


Dysplasia .- .correct .answers-Dysplastic .cells .of .the .cervix .during .a .papsmear, .pre .cancerous

Sickle .Cell .Anemia .can .cause .what .type .of .cell .injury? .- .correct .answers-Hypoxic .injury

A .decrease .in .the .production .of .red .blood .cells .happens .with .what .type .of .conditions? .- .correct .ans
wers-Iron .Deficiency .Anemia

Leukemia

Hypoxic .injury .of .the .muscle .cells .including .the .heart .will .release .which .enzyme? .- .correct .answers-
Creatinine .Kinase

Hypoxic .injury .if .the .muscle .cells, .liver .cells, .lung .cells, .heart, .RBC, .and .brain .will .release .which .enzy
me? .- .correct .answers-LDH .(Lactate .Dehydrogenase)

What .free .radical .plays .a .part .in .all .of .the .following .conditions: .Heart .Disease, .Alzheimer's .Disease, .
Parkinson's .Disease, .Amyotrophic .Lateral .Sclerosis .- .correct .answers-Reactive .Oxygen .Species .(ROS)

What .are .examples .of .Antioxidants .that .can .fight .against .Reactive .Oxygen .Species .
(ROS)? .- .correct .answers-
Antioxidants, .Vitamin .E, .Vitamin .C, .beta .carotene, .flavonoids, .cysteine, .glutathione, .albumin, .cerulop
lasmin .and .transferrin

Alcohols .consumption .leads .to .what .type .of .damage? .- .correct .answers-Liver .damage

Nutritional .deficiencies .

Wernicke .Encephalopathy