Nurs 5315 UTA exam 1 Questions and
Answers
Atrophy .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .Cells .decrease .in .size
P. .Still .functional
Physiologic: .thymus .gland .in .early .childhood
Pathological: .disuse
Hypertrophy .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .Increase .in .cell .size
P. .Increased .workload
Physiologic: .weightlifting .
Pathologic: .cardiomegaly .from .HTN
Hyperplasia .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .Increase .in .cell .number
P. .Increased .cellular .division
Physiologic: .liver .regeneration
Pathologic: .endometrial- .usually .r/t .hormones
Dysplasia .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .Cells .change .in .size, .shape, .organization
P. .AKA .atypical .hyperplasia, .a .disorderly .proliferation
Physiologic: .N/A
Pathologic: .squamous .dysplasia .of .cervix .from .HPV
Metaplasia .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .one .cell .type .replaced .with .another
P. .reprogramming .of .stem .cells, .reversible
, Physiologic: .N/A
Pathologic: .stratified .squamous .cells .in .bronchial .lining .r/t .cigarette .smoke
Hypoxia .injury .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .inadequate .oxygenation .of .tissues
P. .decrease .in .mitochondrial .function, .decreased .production .of .ATP .increases .anaerobic .metabolism.
.eventual .cell .death.
C.M. .hypoxia, .cyanosis, .cognitive .impairment, .lethargy
Free .radical .and .ROS .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .normal .byproduct .of .ATP .production, .will .overwhelm .the
.mitochondria- .exhaust .intracellular .antioxidants
P. .lipid .peroxidation, .damage .proteins, .fragment .DNA
C.M. .development .in .Alzheimer's, .heart .disease, .Parkinson's .disease, .Amyotrophic .Lateral .Sclerosis
Ethanol .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .mood .altering .drug, .long .term .effects .on .liver .and .nutritional .status
P. .metabolized .by .liver, .generates .free .radicals
C.M. .CNS .depression, .nutrient .deficiencies-
Mag, .Vit .B6, .thiamine, .PO4, .inflammation .and .fatty .infiltration .of .liver, .hepatomegaly, .leads .to .liver .
failure .irreversible
Oncosis .- .(correct .answer) .-
Na .and .H2O .enter .cell .and .cause .swelling. .Organ .increases .in .weight, .becomes .distended .and .pale. .
Associated .with .high .fever, .hypocalcemia, .certain .infections
Fatty .Infiltration .- .(correct .answer) .-intracellular .accumulation .of .lipids .in .the .liver
liver .fails .to .metabolize .lipids. .usually .from .ETOH .or .high .fat .diet. .can .lead .to .cirrhosis
dystrophic .calcification .- .(correct .answer) .-accumulation .of .Ca .in .dead .or .dying .tissues
calcium .salt .clump .and .harden- .interfere .with .cellular .structure .and .function
r/t .pulmonary .TB, .atherosclerosis, .injured .heart .valves, .chronic .pancreatitis
metastatic .calcification .- .(correct .answer) .-accumulation .of .Ca .in .normal .tissue
result .of .hypercalcemia .r/
t .hyperparathyroidism, .hyperthyroidism, .toxic .levels .of .Vit .D. .Can .also .r/
t .hyperphosphatemia .in .renal .failure
Answers
Atrophy .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .Cells .decrease .in .size
P. .Still .functional
Physiologic: .thymus .gland .in .early .childhood
Pathological: .disuse
Hypertrophy .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .Increase .in .cell .size
P. .Increased .workload
Physiologic: .weightlifting .
Pathologic: .cardiomegaly .from .HTN
Hyperplasia .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .Increase .in .cell .number
P. .Increased .cellular .division
Physiologic: .liver .regeneration
Pathologic: .endometrial- .usually .r/t .hormones
Dysplasia .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .Cells .change .in .size, .shape, .organization
P. .AKA .atypical .hyperplasia, .a .disorderly .proliferation
Physiologic: .N/A
Pathologic: .squamous .dysplasia .of .cervix .from .HPV
Metaplasia .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .one .cell .type .replaced .with .another
P. .reprogramming .of .stem .cells, .reversible
, Physiologic: .N/A
Pathologic: .stratified .squamous .cells .in .bronchial .lining .r/t .cigarette .smoke
Hypoxia .injury .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .inadequate .oxygenation .of .tissues
P. .decrease .in .mitochondrial .function, .decreased .production .of .ATP .increases .anaerobic .metabolism.
.eventual .cell .death.
C.M. .hypoxia, .cyanosis, .cognitive .impairment, .lethargy
Free .radical .and .ROS .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .normal .byproduct .of .ATP .production, .will .overwhelm .the
.mitochondria- .exhaust .intracellular .antioxidants
P. .lipid .peroxidation, .damage .proteins, .fragment .DNA
C.M. .development .in .Alzheimer's, .heart .disease, .Parkinson's .disease, .Amyotrophic .Lateral .Sclerosis
Ethanol .- .(correct .answer) .-E. .mood .altering .drug, .long .term .effects .on .liver .and .nutritional .status
P. .metabolized .by .liver, .generates .free .radicals
C.M. .CNS .depression, .nutrient .deficiencies-
Mag, .Vit .B6, .thiamine, .PO4, .inflammation .and .fatty .infiltration .of .liver, .hepatomegaly, .leads .to .liver .
failure .irreversible
Oncosis .- .(correct .answer) .-
Na .and .H2O .enter .cell .and .cause .swelling. .Organ .increases .in .weight, .becomes .distended .and .pale. .
Associated .with .high .fever, .hypocalcemia, .certain .infections
Fatty .Infiltration .- .(correct .answer) .-intracellular .accumulation .of .lipids .in .the .liver
liver .fails .to .metabolize .lipids. .usually .from .ETOH .or .high .fat .diet. .can .lead .to .cirrhosis
dystrophic .calcification .- .(correct .answer) .-accumulation .of .Ca .in .dead .or .dying .tissues
calcium .salt .clump .and .harden- .interfere .with .cellular .structure .and .function
r/t .pulmonary .TB, .atherosclerosis, .injured .heart .valves, .chronic .pancreatitis
metastatic .calcification .- .(correct .answer) .-accumulation .of .Ca .in .normal .tissue
result .of .hypercalcemia .r/
t .hyperparathyroidism, .hyperthyroidism, .toxic .levels .of .Vit .D. .Can .also .r/
t .hyperphosphatemia .in .renal .failure
