NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - (correct answer) -can use urine, saliva, or serum (most
accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - (correct answer) -Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood
vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - (correct answer) -Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow
to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - (correct answer) -Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive
resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react
quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - (correct answer) -Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory
process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for
singular.
Prostaglandins - (correct answer) -Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the
arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - (correct answer) -Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of
inflammation
Neutrophils - (correct answer) -Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute
inflammation
, Monocytes - (correct answer) -Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for
presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - (correct answer) -Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also
increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - (correct answer) -Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes
growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - (correct answer) -Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins
by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - (correct answer) -Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils
Complement - (correct answer) -Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vascular
permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin - (correct answer) -Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it
increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - (correct answer) -Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin mesh to stop
bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - (correct answer) -Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides gastroprotection, platelet
aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - (correct answer) -Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain, fever, renal
protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - (correct answer) -Protect gastric mucosa- prevent ulcers and
bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex. Can impair renal function ,
monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - (correct answer) -Synthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - (correct answer) -Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric ulceration, GI bleeds,
edema, renal impairment
ASA - (correct answer) -Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - (correct answer) -Inhibit phospholipase A2, preventing formation of prostaglandins,
thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
Thromboxane - (correct answer) -Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin - (correct answer) -Vasodilation, platelet aggregation (most effective one)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - (correct answer) -can use urine, saliva, or serum (most
accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - (correct answer) -Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue close to blood
vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - (correct answer) -Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability, increases blood flow
to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - (correct answer) -Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or adaptive
resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react
quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - (correct answer) -Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the inflammatory
process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for
singular.
Prostaglandins - (correct answer) -Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by the
arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - (correct answer) -Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the site of
inflammation
Neutrophils - (correct answer) -Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of acute
inflammation
, Monocytes - (correct answer) -Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible for
presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - (correct answer) -Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes and also
increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - (correct answer) -Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and promotes
growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - (correct answer) -Causes fever, increases synthesis of proinflammatory proteins
by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - (correct answer) -Promotes production and maturation of neutrophils
Complement - (correct answer) -Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased vascular
permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
Kinin - (correct answer) -Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and chemotaxis, and it
increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - (correct answer) -Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin mesh to stop
bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - (correct answer) -Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides gastroprotection, platelet
aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - (correct answer) -Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain, fever, renal
protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - (correct answer) -Protect gastric mucosa- prevent ulcers and
bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex. Can impair renal function ,
monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - (correct answer) -Synthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - (correct answer) -Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric ulceration, GI bleeds,
edema, renal impairment
ASA - (correct answer) -Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - (correct answer) -Inhibit phospholipase A2, preventing formation of prostaglandins,
thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
Thromboxane - (correct answer) -Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin - (correct answer) -Vasodilation, platelet aggregation (most effective one)
