Intro to Criminal Justice Practice and
Processes- Exam 1
Three Strikes Law - correct answer ✔✔a crime control strategy whereby an offender who commits three
or more violent offenses will be sentenced to a lengthy term in prison, usually 25 years to life
Consensus Theory of Justice - correct answer ✔✔explains how a society creates laws as a result of
common interests and values, which develop largely because people experience similar socialization
Conflict Theory of Justice - correct answer ✔✔explains how powerful groups create laws to protect their
values and interests in diverse societies
Crime Control Model - correct answer ✔✔a model by Packer that emphasizes law and order and argues
that every effort must be made to suppress crime, and try tom convict, and incarcerate offenders
Due Process Model - correct answer ✔✔a model by Packer that advocates defendants' presumption of
innocence, protection of suspects' rights, and limitations placed on police powers to avoid convicting
innocent persons
Discretion - correct answer ✔✔authority to make decisions in enforcing the law based on one's
observations and judgement rather than the letter of the law
Criminal Justice Flow and Process - correct answer ✔✔the movement of defendants and cases through
the criminal justice process, beginning with the commission of a crime, and including stages that involve
actions of criminal justice actors working within police, courts, and correctional agencies
Arrest - correct answer ✔✔the taking into custody or detaining of one who is suspected of committing a
crime
Prosecution - correct answer ✔✔the bringing of charges against an individual, based on probate cause,
so as to bring the matter before a court
, Adjudication - correct answer ✔✔the legal resolution of a dispute— for example, when one is declared
guilty or not guilty— by a judge or jury
Acquittal - correct answer ✔✔a court or jury's judgement or verdict of not guilty of the offenses charged
Conviction - correct answer ✔✔the legal finding, by a jury or judge, or through a guilty plea, that a
criminal defendant is guilty
Aggravating Circumstances - correct answer ✔✔elements of a crime that enhance its seriousness, such
as the infliction of torture, killing of a police or corrections officer, and so on
Mitigating Circumstances - correct answer ✔✔circumstances that would tend to lessen the severity of
the sentence, such as one's youthfulness, mental instability, noting a prior criminal record, and so on
Sanction - correct answer ✔✔a penalty or punishment
Indeterminate Sentence - correct answer ✔✔a scheme whereby one is sentenced for a flexible time
period so as to be released when rehabilitated or when the opportunity for rehabilitation is presented
Parole - correct answer ✔✔early release from prison, with conditions attached and under supervision of
a parole agency
Determinate Sentence - correct answer ✔✔a specific, fixed-period sentence ordered by a court
Wedding Cake Model of Criminal Justice - correct answer ✔✔a model of the criminal justice process
whereby a four-tiered hierarchy exists, with a few celebrated cases at the top, and lower tiers increasing
in size as seriousness of cases decline and informal processes become more likely to occur
Ethics - correct answer ✔✔a set of rules or values that spell out appropriate human conduct
Processes- Exam 1
Three Strikes Law - correct answer ✔✔a crime control strategy whereby an offender who commits three
or more violent offenses will be sentenced to a lengthy term in prison, usually 25 years to life
Consensus Theory of Justice - correct answer ✔✔explains how a society creates laws as a result of
common interests and values, which develop largely because people experience similar socialization
Conflict Theory of Justice - correct answer ✔✔explains how powerful groups create laws to protect their
values and interests in diverse societies
Crime Control Model - correct answer ✔✔a model by Packer that emphasizes law and order and argues
that every effort must be made to suppress crime, and try tom convict, and incarcerate offenders
Due Process Model - correct answer ✔✔a model by Packer that advocates defendants' presumption of
innocence, protection of suspects' rights, and limitations placed on police powers to avoid convicting
innocent persons
Discretion - correct answer ✔✔authority to make decisions in enforcing the law based on one's
observations and judgement rather than the letter of the law
Criminal Justice Flow and Process - correct answer ✔✔the movement of defendants and cases through
the criminal justice process, beginning with the commission of a crime, and including stages that involve
actions of criminal justice actors working within police, courts, and correctional agencies
Arrest - correct answer ✔✔the taking into custody or detaining of one who is suspected of committing a
crime
Prosecution - correct answer ✔✔the bringing of charges against an individual, based on probate cause,
so as to bring the matter before a court
, Adjudication - correct answer ✔✔the legal resolution of a dispute— for example, when one is declared
guilty or not guilty— by a judge or jury
Acquittal - correct answer ✔✔a court or jury's judgement or verdict of not guilty of the offenses charged
Conviction - correct answer ✔✔the legal finding, by a jury or judge, or through a guilty plea, that a
criminal defendant is guilty
Aggravating Circumstances - correct answer ✔✔elements of a crime that enhance its seriousness, such
as the infliction of torture, killing of a police or corrections officer, and so on
Mitigating Circumstances - correct answer ✔✔circumstances that would tend to lessen the severity of
the sentence, such as one's youthfulness, mental instability, noting a prior criminal record, and so on
Sanction - correct answer ✔✔a penalty or punishment
Indeterminate Sentence - correct answer ✔✔a scheme whereby one is sentenced for a flexible time
period so as to be released when rehabilitated or when the opportunity for rehabilitation is presented
Parole - correct answer ✔✔early release from prison, with conditions attached and under supervision of
a parole agency
Determinate Sentence - correct answer ✔✔a specific, fixed-period sentence ordered by a court
Wedding Cake Model of Criminal Justice - correct answer ✔✔a model of the criminal justice process
whereby a four-tiered hierarchy exists, with a few celebrated cases at the top, and lower tiers increasing
in size as seriousness of cases decline and informal processes become more likely to occur
Ethics - correct answer ✔✔a set of rules or values that spell out appropriate human conduct
