HMX Immunology Practice Exam Questions And Answers.

Which of the mechanisms listed below does NOT prevent T cells from reacting against self antigens? - Naive T cells require signals delivered by microbes to become activated Consider the adaptive immune response to three different classes of pathogens - parasitic worms, fungi in mucosal areas, and intracellular bacteria. Which helper T cell subset is most associated with the immune response to each of these classes of pathogens? - parasitic worms - Th2; fungi in mucosal areas - Th17; intracellular bacteria Allergy and autoimmunity are both diseases caused by an inappropriate immune response. What is the main distinction between allergy and autoimmunity? - direct killing of infected self cells and activation of phagocytic cells Antibodies activate multiple different immune functions, some of which require other components of the immune system. Which of the following antibody-associated functions works with antibodies alone? - neutralization Individuals with certain inherited genetic diseases lack a thymus. These individuals have reduced immune function and are most likely to be deficient in numbers or function of which of the following cell types? (select two answers) - B lymphocytes; T lymphocytes Some of the steps of an acute inflammatory response are listed below. Which of these steps would occur first in a given episode of inflammation? - microbial molecules bind to innate immune receptors What is the source of peptides presented on MHC class I molecules and MHC class II molecules? - Peptides from proteins broken down in lysosomes are presented on MHC class II molecules. Peptides from proteins broken down in proteasomes are presented on MHC class I molecules Which of the following immune cells are tissue-resident sentinel cells? (select two answers) - macrophages; mast cellsWhich of the statements below best describes the differences in antigen recognition by B cells and T cells? - B cells can recognize extracellular antigens of any kind while T cells can only recognize complexes of peptides bound to cell surface display molecules Which of the statements below correctly describes innate immune cells? - Innate immune cells recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns A new type of immune therapy, called checkpoint blockade, is being used to treat certain types of cancer. By blocking cell surface molecules expressed on lymphocytes or their target cells, this therapy activates an anti-tumor immune response. Which of the molecules below are targets of these checkpoint blockade therapies? (select two answers) - CTLA-4 ; PD-L1 Which of these factors does NOT contribute to antibody diversity? - millions of different inherited antibody genes Which statement best describes some of the differences between naive T cells and effector T cells? - Naive T cells require costimulation for activation; effector T cells do not require costimulation to perform their effector functions Which statement best describes the genes encoding receptors that recognize microbial molecules on innate and adaptive immune cells? - The genes in innate immune cells for any one receptor type are genetically identical from cell to cell, but the genes in adaptive immune cells are not Which of the following immune mechanisms are utilized by almost all cells in the body and not primarily by cells of the blood lineages? (select two answers) - antigen presentation on MHC class I; the antiviral state