Combined Immunology HMX Questions And Answers.

Combined Immunology HMX
QUIZ QUESTION: In an example of inflammation-mediated antibody damage to cells, Ig binds to self
antigen on epithelial cells → complement binds Ig and is activated → pro inflammatory fragments of
complement proteins are produced → the fragments bind to vessel walls → neutrophils move out of
vessels → neutrophils bind to ____________ via receptors → neutrophils are triggered to release
granules that damage cells.

1. complement proteins

2. Ig Fc portion

3. infected cells

4. self antigen - 2. Ig Fc portion



______________ are transmembrane proteins that bind to peptides and display them on T cells -
MHC



__________ ________ bring antigens to lymph nodes because infection can occur anywhere in the body.
This means T cells would have to travel around a huge space before finding an infection. The
____________ __________ act as a common meeting place for antigens and T or B lymphocytes -
Dendritic cells



____ protects against microbes in the gut - IgA



_____ is the foot soldier of the immune system which provides protection against many microbes -
IgG



______ protects against worms and allergies - IgE



_______ is the major immunological barrier to transplantation - MHC



_______ protects against invaders in the lungs - IgD

,_________ is an inhibitory receptor on CD8+ T cells. Normally, this receptor binds to the dendritic cell
instead of the costimulatory receptor in the ____________ _______________ because of its higher
affinity. This will dampen signaling and prevent expansion and differentiation of CD8+ T cells.



If we give a patient a monoclonal antibody that blocks this receptor, then the dendritic cell will
successfully produce signals 1 and 2 and ultimately allow for clonal _________________ and
___________________. Then, these CD8+ T cells can travel back to the tumor site and kill the tumor -
CTLA4



lymph node



expansion

differentiation



_________ is an inhibitory receptor on CD8+ T cells. The tumor cells in the tissue possess _________
which binds to the inhibitory receptor on CD8+ T cells and causes the T cell to become ______________,
which removes its ability to kill.



If we give a patient a monoclonal antibody that can block this inhibitory receptor, then the tumor cell's
___________ will not be able to bind to the T cell's inhibitory receptor which means that the CD8+ T cell
will NOT become exhausted - PD-1



PD-L1



exhausted



PD-L1



__________ _____ _______ _____________ occurs when the cell is stimulated with antigen and
additional signals. When this happens, it becomes an effector T cell. This occurs in secondary lymphoid
organs, like lymph nodes - Naive T Cell activation

,Lymph nodes



__________ can cause self-antigens to be coated with antibodies which will signal for a macrophage to
bind to the antibody's _____ region. This will cause internalization of the cell and lead to the lysis of the
cell - Opsonization



Fc



___________ ____ ________ is an activated T cell which has gained additional functions to orchestrate
an adaptive immune response - Effector T cell



___________ ____ _________ are mature T cells that have left the thymus, but have not been exposed
to their specific antigens. They have not undergone clonal selection and expansion that are triggered by
antigen exposure. Professional antigen presenting cells, like dendritic cells, play a role in the activation of
these types of cells. - Naive T cells



___________ ____________ is used to reduce chances of rejection. We can match proteins of the donor
and recipient to see if the recipient has similar proteins as the donor. Identical proteins are usually found
amongst _______________. If there is not a sibling donor with a perfect match, then we can try to find
someone who at least shares some MHC genes. - HLA matching



siblings



___________ _________________ is the chronic pustules that form on the hands and feet -
Palmoplantar pustulosis



___________ can cause kidney disease. Auto-antibodies bind to normal DNA which forms immune
complexes. These complexes are made up of ______________, ______________ and
________________ proteins. These complexes have a particular shape and size and they deposit in the
blood vessels. In the kidney, these cause __________________ _________________ (inflammation of
the glomerulus) - Lupus



antigen

, antibody

complement



glomerular nephritis



___________ cells within the bone marrow give the energy needed for blood cells to mature - Fat



___________ is an X-linked gene and a relatively common immunodeficiency. If this is not functional, we
cannot produce B cells. This is called ___-______________ __________________________. - BTK



X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA)



___________ is another name for the human MHC genes - HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen)



____________ ________________ is a virus that directly damages and kills cells - Cytopathic virus



____________ are molecules on the T cell that bind to the MHC molecule presenting a peptide antigen
to the T cell receptor and which facilitates signaling by the TCR. - Coreceptors



_____________ ______________ is the bottom edge of the rib cage - Costal margin



_____________ are mature immune cells that circulate through blood vessels - Circulating
leukocytes



_____________ are substances that are recognized as foreign - Antigens



_____________ are the "foot soldiers" of the adaptive immune system - Lymphocytes