MI Right-of-Way Pest Management: Exam Questions and answers, rated A+

MI Right-of-Way Pest Management: Exam Questions and answers, rated A+ _____ is the use of all available tactics or strategies to manage pests so that acceptable control can be achieved. - -IPM (integrated pest management) Why must weeds and woody plants be managed on rights-of-way? - -For safety, access to facilities, decrease maintenance costs, reliability of service, and for other benefits like aesthetics, wildlife, and environmental protection True or False: The first component of an effective pest management program is pest identification. - -True When identifying a pest, what other information should be collected about the pest? - -Pest life cycles, physiology, reproductive potential, and the past control results List several examples of different sites that might have site specific requirements. - --Urban, suburban, or rural areas -Dry upland or lowland and wetland areas -Popular tourist, scenic areas, or recreational areas -Wildlife habitat such as critical nesting habitat or winter feeding grounds Why should you monitor your control strategies? What information should be recorded? - -Monitor control strategies so that adjustments can be made when necessary. Records should include: control measures and start date for each, rate for any pesticides that were applied, identification of equipment and crew, environmental conditions, evaluation of effectiveness, problems encountered or complaints reported, any damage claims List the four categories of control methods and briefly explain each. - -Mechanical - may be mechanical or manual removal, cutting, etc. Biological - work to enhance the effects of natural enemies of pests Chemical - use herbicides/pesticides Cultural - create optimal growing conditions for the plants you want to preserve or unfavorable conditions for the pest How does shading work as a cultural control? Where is it often used? - -Block sunlight from unwanted plants to keep them from growing; often used in aquatic ecosystems to control weeds by shading them with black plastic, adding dye to the water, or other methods of blocking sunlight How have public attitudes changed about vegetation and its control in rights-of-way? - -Only certain plant species are considered undesirable, so others are usually left on the right-of-way for other benefits Why is it important to protect wetlands? - -Because they are declining and they are valuable ecosystems because they protect wildlife, minimize bank and shoreline erosion, improve water quality, provide recreational activities, and act as water storage during flooding List four stages of weed development and briefly describe each. - -Seedling - small, vulnerable plantlets Vegetative - rapid growth producing stems, roots, and foliage, uptake of water and nutrients is rapid Seed production - energy directed toward production of seed, uptake of water and nutrient is slow and directed towards flower, fruit, and seed structure Maturity - little or no energy production or movement of water and nutrients List the three plant types and briefly describe each. - -Annuals - grow from seed, mature, and produce seed in one year or less Biennials - plants with two-year life cycle Perennials - plants that live more than two years and may live indefinitely Monocot vs. dicot plant - -Monocot - only have one leaf Dicot - have two leaves when they emerge from the seed True or false: Grasses may be annual or perennial. - -True How does a sedge differ from a grass? - -Sedges have triangular stems and three rows of leaves, while grasses only have one leaf. Both sedges and grasses have narrow leaves with parallel veins All actively growing broadleaf plants have _______ at the end of each stem and in each leaf axil. - - exposed growing points True or false: trees are annual plants. - -False How do ferns reproduce? - -Spores and creeping rhizomes _______ plants live on and get their food from host plants. - -Parasitic seed What are the classifications of aquatic plants? - -Emergent - bulk of these plants extend above the surface of the water Floating - all or part of the plant floats on the surface Submergent - all of the plant grows beneath the water surface Algae - aquatic plants without true stems, leaves, or vascular systems Do you need a permit from the Department of Natural Resources to control aquatic plants? - -Yes! Unless the pond is less than two acres, has no outlet, AND the pesticides are not restricted use. What tree has dark-brown, flat pods that are 3 to 4 inches long? - -Black Locust What tree has slender, bright red twigs in the winter that turn light gray and prefers swamps and stream banks? - -Red Maple What tree has 3 different shaped leaves? The bark is dark red-brown, orange when cut with a knife. - -Sassafras What tree has round leaves with flat stems that are said to "quake" in the wind? - -Trembling Aspen What perennial has a taproot, a bright blue flower, and smooth milky sap? - -Chicory What weed smells like a carrot? - -Wild Carrot (Queen Anne's Lace) Which thistle is a perennial and has a greater root system: Canada or musk thistle? - -Canada thistle True or False: Cattails must have their leaves and flower spikes above water to survive. - -True True or False: Root-absorbed herbicides are generally more effective when applied postemergence. - -False - they are more effective when applied preemergence What is the difference between a contact and systemic herbicide? - -Contact kills only the green portion of the plants where the herbicide directly comes in contact with the weed. Systemic moves throughout the plant, whether foliar- or root-absorbed True or False: Temperature, sunlight, moisture, soil-type, and rate of application influence the persistence of a herbicide. - -True What is temperature inversion and how can it affect pesticide drift? - -Temperature inversions occur when the air directly above the ground is two to five degrees cooler than the air higher above it; spray droplets of pesticides can remain suspended as a dense cloud in a layer of undistributed air and this cloud can move out of the area, causing large amounts of pesticide drift What is the difference between a selective and non-selective herbicide? - -Selective herbicide kills specific weed pests and does not kill surrounding vegetation, but non-selective herbicides kill most or all vegetation If a plant's growing points are below the soil surface, which type of herbicide will provide better control: contact or systemic? - -Systemi