BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
Molecular and Cellular Biology Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
Atom - answer✔✔one of the smallest and most fundamental units of matter
Nucleus - answer✔✔Center of an atom; composed of a neutron (no electrical charge) and
protons (positively charged).
Atomic Number - answer✔✔Refers to the number of protons in an atom's nucleus
Mass Number - answer✔✔The number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
Valence Shell - answer✔✔An atom's outermost shell involves in chemical reactions with other
atoms; Atoms can fill their outermost shell with up to 8 electrons.
Chemical Bonds - answer✔✔An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer-
shell electrons. The bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells.
Molecule - answer✔✔A group of atoms joined by a chemical bond
Compound - answer✔✔A molecule made up of at least two different atoms.
All compounds are molecules, but - answer✔✔not all molecules are compounds
Ionic Bond - answer✔✔When one atom donates an electron to another atom.
Cation - answer✔✔A positively charged ion; Loses electrons
Anion - answer✔✔A negatively charged ion; Gains electrons
Covalent Bond - answer✔✔Stronger of the two chemical bonds; Most common bond; Forms
when two atoms share electrons.
In macromolecules: On subunit loses a hydroxyl group (OH) another loses an atom of Hydrogen
(H).
Organic Molecule - answer✔✔When a molecule contains carbon and hydrogen atoms;
, BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
Macromolecules - answer✔✔Large organic molecules that contain many atoms and repeating
units
Four Main Macromolecules - answer✔✔Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
Inorganic Molecules - answer✔✔Contain a small number of atoms held together by ionic bonds;
often contain metals and nonmetals
The hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are held together by a ..... bond - answer✔✔Covalent
Bond
Polar Bond - answer✔✔A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally; (ex. water:
Oxygen carries a partial negative charge while hydrogen carries a partial positive charge).
Hydrogen Bond - answer✔✔When the negative end of one polar molecule binds to a slightly
positive hydrogen atom on another polar molecule; a weak chemical bond
Cohesion - answer✔✔The attraction between two water molecules (polar molecules attracted to
each other)
Surface Tension - answer✔✔the cohesive force at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents
the molecules from separating
Adhesion - answer✔✔An attraction between molecules of different substances
Capillary action - answer✔✔Created by adhesion; Allows water to "climb" against gravity (in
plants and in tubes)
Specific Heat - answer✔✔The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a
substance by 1 degree celcius; (Water heats slowly, but maintains its temperature for a long
period of time). Hydrogen Bonds influence this.
Water is referred to as the Universal Solvent because... - answer✔✔Its polarity allows it to
dissolve other polar substances.
Dehydration Synthesis - answer✔✔A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond
to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
Proteins - answer✔✔Built from amino acids
Enzymes - answer✔✔important proteins that catalyze the chemical reactions of a cell
Carbohydrates - answer✔✔Polymers made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; Sugars
that store energy
Lipids - answer✔✔Built from fatty acids and glycerol; plays a role in energy storage and in the
structure of membranes
Molecular and Cellular Biology Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
Atom - answer✔✔one of the smallest and most fundamental units of matter
Nucleus - answer✔✔Center of an atom; composed of a neutron (no electrical charge) and
protons (positively charged).
Atomic Number - answer✔✔Refers to the number of protons in an atom's nucleus
Mass Number - answer✔✔The number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
Valence Shell - answer✔✔An atom's outermost shell involves in chemical reactions with other
atoms; Atoms can fill their outermost shell with up to 8 electrons.
Chemical Bonds - answer✔✔An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer-
shell electrons. The bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells.
Molecule - answer✔✔A group of atoms joined by a chemical bond
Compound - answer✔✔A molecule made up of at least two different atoms.
All compounds are molecules, but - answer✔✔not all molecules are compounds
Ionic Bond - answer✔✔When one atom donates an electron to another atom.
Cation - answer✔✔A positively charged ion; Loses electrons
Anion - answer✔✔A negatively charged ion; Gains electrons
Covalent Bond - answer✔✔Stronger of the two chemical bonds; Most common bond; Forms
when two atoms share electrons.
In macromolecules: On subunit loses a hydroxyl group (OH) another loses an atom of Hydrogen
(H).
Organic Molecule - answer✔✔When a molecule contains carbon and hydrogen atoms;
, BRIGHTSTARS EXAM STUDY SOLUTIONS 8/15/2024 2:05 PM
Macromolecules - answer✔✔Large organic molecules that contain many atoms and repeating
units
Four Main Macromolecules - answer✔✔Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
Inorganic Molecules - answer✔✔Contain a small number of atoms held together by ionic bonds;
often contain metals and nonmetals
The hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are held together by a ..... bond - answer✔✔Covalent
Bond
Polar Bond - answer✔✔A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally; (ex. water:
Oxygen carries a partial negative charge while hydrogen carries a partial positive charge).
Hydrogen Bond - answer✔✔When the negative end of one polar molecule binds to a slightly
positive hydrogen atom on another polar molecule; a weak chemical bond
Cohesion - answer✔✔The attraction between two water molecules (polar molecules attracted to
each other)
Surface Tension - answer✔✔the cohesive force at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents
the molecules from separating
Adhesion - answer✔✔An attraction between molecules of different substances
Capillary action - answer✔✔Created by adhesion; Allows water to "climb" against gravity (in
plants and in tubes)
Specific Heat - answer✔✔The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a
substance by 1 degree celcius; (Water heats slowly, but maintains its temperature for a long
period of time). Hydrogen Bonds influence this.
Water is referred to as the Universal Solvent because... - answer✔✔Its polarity allows it to
dissolve other polar substances.
Dehydration Synthesis - answer✔✔A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond
to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
Proteins - answer✔✔Built from amino acids
Enzymes - answer✔✔important proteins that catalyze the chemical reactions of a cell
Carbohydrates - answer✔✔Polymers made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; Sugars
that store energy
Lipids - answer✔✔Built from fatty acids and glycerol; plays a role in energy storage and in the
structure of membranes
