NURS 444 OB Test 2 With
Complete Solution
How does estrogen affect the breasts? - ANSWER breasts: increase in ductal
tissue for breast feeding
How does estrogen affect the Vascularity of mucous membranes? - ANSWER
-Increases the vascularity mucous membranes
-may lead to edema/stuffiness/congestion of the mom
How does estrogen affect the skin? - ANSWER -changes the melanin in the
skin & causes linea nigra
How does estrogen affect the uterus? - ANSWER stimulates uterine
growth/increases blood supply to uterine vessels
How does increased progesterone affect the respiratory system? - ANSWER
-Decreases airway resistance by relaxing smooth muscle in respiratory tract
-Increases the sensitivity to CO2 l/t increased ventilations
[SATA] Progesterone leads to what changes in the respiratory system?
A. Hyperventilation
B. Hypoventilation
C. Dyspnea
D. SOB - ANSWER A/C/D
How does progesterone affect the uterus? - ANSWER -suppresses
,contractions
-prevents tissue rejection of fetus
How does progesterone affect the breasts? - ANSWER -promotes the growth
of the lobes/lobules/alveoli
-increases vascularity
-nipples become darker/more erect
Progesterone is produced first by the _____ _____ and then by the fully
developed _______. - ANSWER Corpus luteum; placenta
What are some major effects of progesterone? - ANSWER -suppresses
FSH/LH
-Decreases uterus contractions
-stimulates breast development for lactation
-antagonist to insulin
-sodium retention
What are the causes of labor? - ANSWER -Progesterone levels fall (leads to
decreased muscle relaxation)
-Increase release of prostaglandins (via fetal membranes)
-Increased secretion of natural oxytocin & # of oxytocin receptors in uterus
-Cortisol secreted by fetal adrenal glands (uterine stimulant)
-Increased stretching/pressure of uterus & cervix
what does GTPAL stand for? - ANSWER •G = total number of times pregnant
,•T = number of term infants born (38 or greater)
•P = number of preterm infants born (between 20-37 weeks)
•A = number of abortions (before 20 weeks)
•L = number of children currently living (twins/triplets count indvidually)
GTPA= alive or stillborn
What is oligohydraminos? - ANSWER low amniotic fluid; <5cm
What is polyhydraminos? - ANSWER excess amniotic fluid; >24 cm
What is Naegele's rule? - ANSWER Add 7 days to the first day of the LMP and
subtract 3 months to estimate a woman's EDD
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER •Amenorrhea, nausea,
fatigue, increased urinary freq, breast changes
What are probable signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER •Abd growth, Braxton
Hicks contractions, palpation fetal outline, Goodell's, Hegar's, pregnancy test
What are positive signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER •Fetal heart sounds, fetal
movement by examiner, ultrasound image
What is Hyperemesis Gravidarum? - ANSWER -Uncontrolled and persistent
vomiting
-begins before 20 weeks
What is the cause of hyperemesis gravidarum? - ANSWER unknown
Who is more at risk for hyperemesis gravidarum? - ANSWER -white primips
& multifetal pregnancies
, What are complications of hyperemesis gravidarum to the mother? -
ANSWER •Lose 5% of BW
•Dehydration
•Electrolyte imbalances
•Vitamin K deficiency (no flora in GI tract to synthesize vitamin K)
How would you treat hyperemesis gravidarum? - ANSWER
•Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
•Histamine-receptor antagonists (Pepcid/Zantac)
•Gastric acid inhibitors (Nexium/Prilosec)
•Metoclopramide (Reglan) or Ondansetron (Zofran)
•Pyridoxine/doxylamine (Diclegis)
What are the nursing considerations for hyperemesis gravidarum? - ANSWER
•Reduce vomiting, maintain nutrition and fluid replacement
•Might give vitamin K if deficient
What is preeclampsia? - ANSWER -HTN develops after 20 weeks of gestation
with previously normal BP
-BP 140/90 or greater with proteinuria
Complete Solution
How does estrogen affect the breasts? - ANSWER breasts: increase in ductal
tissue for breast feeding
How does estrogen affect the Vascularity of mucous membranes? - ANSWER
-Increases the vascularity mucous membranes
-may lead to edema/stuffiness/congestion of the mom
How does estrogen affect the skin? - ANSWER -changes the melanin in the
skin & causes linea nigra
How does estrogen affect the uterus? - ANSWER stimulates uterine
growth/increases blood supply to uterine vessels
How does increased progesterone affect the respiratory system? - ANSWER
-Decreases airway resistance by relaxing smooth muscle in respiratory tract
-Increases the sensitivity to CO2 l/t increased ventilations
[SATA] Progesterone leads to what changes in the respiratory system?
A. Hyperventilation
B. Hypoventilation
C. Dyspnea
D. SOB - ANSWER A/C/D
How does progesterone affect the uterus? - ANSWER -suppresses
,contractions
-prevents tissue rejection of fetus
How does progesterone affect the breasts? - ANSWER -promotes the growth
of the lobes/lobules/alveoli
-increases vascularity
-nipples become darker/more erect
Progesterone is produced first by the _____ _____ and then by the fully
developed _______. - ANSWER Corpus luteum; placenta
What are some major effects of progesterone? - ANSWER -suppresses
FSH/LH
-Decreases uterus contractions
-stimulates breast development for lactation
-antagonist to insulin
-sodium retention
What are the causes of labor? - ANSWER -Progesterone levels fall (leads to
decreased muscle relaxation)
-Increase release of prostaglandins (via fetal membranes)
-Increased secretion of natural oxytocin & # of oxytocin receptors in uterus
-Cortisol secreted by fetal adrenal glands (uterine stimulant)
-Increased stretching/pressure of uterus & cervix
what does GTPAL stand for? - ANSWER •G = total number of times pregnant
,•T = number of term infants born (38 or greater)
•P = number of preterm infants born (between 20-37 weeks)
•A = number of abortions (before 20 weeks)
•L = number of children currently living (twins/triplets count indvidually)
GTPA= alive or stillborn
What is oligohydraminos? - ANSWER low amniotic fluid; <5cm
What is polyhydraminos? - ANSWER excess amniotic fluid; >24 cm
What is Naegele's rule? - ANSWER Add 7 days to the first day of the LMP and
subtract 3 months to estimate a woman's EDD
What are presumptive signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER •Amenorrhea, nausea,
fatigue, increased urinary freq, breast changes
What are probable signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER •Abd growth, Braxton
Hicks contractions, palpation fetal outline, Goodell's, Hegar's, pregnancy test
What are positive signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER •Fetal heart sounds, fetal
movement by examiner, ultrasound image
What is Hyperemesis Gravidarum? - ANSWER -Uncontrolled and persistent
vomiting
-begins before 20 weeks
What is the cause of hyperemesis gravidarum? - ANSWER unknown
Who is more at risk for hyperemesis gravidarum? - ANSWER -white primips
& multifetal pregnancies
, What are complications of hyperemesis gravidarum to the mother? -
ANSWER •Lose 5% of BW
•Dehydration
•Electrolyte imbalances
•Vitamin K deficiency (no flora in GI tract to synthesize vitamin K)
How would you treat hyperemesis gravidarum? - ANSWER
•Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
•Histamine-receptor antagonists (Pepcid/Zantac)
•Gastric acid inhibitors (Nexium/Prilosec)
•Metoclopramide (Reglan) or Ondansetron (Zofran)
•Pyridoxine/doxylamine (Diclegis)
What are the nursing considerations for hyperemesis gravidarum? - ANSWER
•Reduce vomiting, maintain nutrition and fluid replacement
•Might give vitamin K if deficient
What is preeclampsia? - ANSWER -HTN develops after 20 weeks of gestation
with previously normal BP
-BP 140/90 or greater with proteinuria
