Samuel Merritt University N136 - Managing Care of Adults
2 MCA II - Exam 3 Content Guide: HTN/Vascular
Disorders Questions With Complete Solutions
Blood pressure (BP) Correct Answers The force exerted by the
...... ......
blood against the walls of the blood vessel.
BP is primarily a function of cardiac output (CO) and systemic
vascular resistance (SVR).
Cardiac output (CO) Correct Answers The total blood flow
...... ......
through the systemic or pulmonary circulation per minute.
CO = SV x HR
Stroke volume (SV) Correct Answers Amount of blood pumped
...... ......
out of the left ventricle per beat (~ 70 mL)
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) Correct Answers The force
...... ......
opposing the movement of blood within the blood vessels.
The radius of the small arteries and arterioles is the principal
factor determining vascular resistance. A small change in the
radius of the arterioles creates a major change in the SVR.
Ex:
If SVR ↑ and CO remains constant or ↑, arterial BP ↑.
Baroreceptors Correct Answers Special receptors located in the
...... ......
carotid arteries and the aortic arch; constantly monitor BP
fluctuations.
,BP ↓ → SNS ↑ → ↑ CO & SVR → BP ↑
BP ↑ → SNS ↓ or PNS ↑ → ↓ HR → ↓ CO → BP ↓
In chronic HTN the baroreceptors become adjusted to elevated
levels of BP and recognize this level as "normal."
Sympathetic Nervous System
(SNS, adrenergic): Functions Correct Answers "fight-or-flight"
...... ......
↑ HR
↑ cardiac contractility
↑ renin from kidneys
vasoconstriction of peripheral arterioles
Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS, cholinergic):
Functions Correct Answers "rest and digest"
...... ......
↓ HR
↓ cardiac contractility
↓ CO
SNS (adrenergic) receptors affecting BP (4) Correct Answers α1,
...... ......
α2, β1, β2
α1 adrenergic receptor:
1. Location
2. Agonist effect Correct Answers Location: arteries (inc. heart)
...... ... ...
Agonist effect: vasoconstriction, ↑ HR
, α2 adrenergic receptor:
1. Location
2. Agonist effect Correct Answers Location: arteries
...... ... ...
Agonist effect: vasoconstriction
β1 adrenergic receptor:
1. Location
2. Agonist effect Correct Answers Location: heart & kidneys
...... ... ...
Agonist effect:
↑ inotropic, ↑ chronotropic, ↑ dromotropic
↑ renin
Note: Beta Blockers = -olol suffix (ex: metoprolol)
β2 adrenergic receptor:
1. Location
2. Agonist effect Correct Answers Location: arteries of skeletal
...... ... ...
muscle, bronchioles
Agonist effect: vasodilation & bronchodilation
chronotropic Correct Answers HR
...... ......
inotropic Correct Answers force of contraction
...... ......
dromotropic Correct Answers speed of conduction
...... ......
2 MCA II - Exam 3 Content Guide: HTN/Vascular
Disorders Questions With Complete Solutions
Blood pressure (BP) Correct Answers The force exerted by the
...... ......
blood against the walls of the blood vessel.
BP is primarily a function of cardiac output (CO) and systemic
vascular resistance (SVR).
Cardiac output (CO) Correct Answers The total blood flow
...... ......
through the systemic or pulmonary circulation per minute.
CO = SV x HR
Stroke volume (SV) Correct Answers Amount of blood pumped
...... ......
out of the left ventricle per beat (~ 70 mL)
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) Correct Answers The force
...... ......
opposing the movement of blood within the blood vessels.
The radius of the small arteries and arterioles is the principal
factor determining vascular resistance. A small change in the
radius of the arterioles creates a major change in the SVR.
Ex:
If SVR ↑ and CO remains constant or ↑, arterial BP ↑.
Baroreceptors Correct Answers Special receptors located in the
...... ......
carotid arteries and the aortic arch; constantly monitor BP
fluctuations.
,BP ↓ → SNS ↑ → ↑ CO & SVR → BP ↑
BP ↑ → SNS ↓ or PNS ↑ → ↓ HR → ↓ CO → BP ↓
In chronic HTN the baroreceptors become adjusted to elevated
levels of BP and recognize this level as "normal."
Sympathetic Nervous System
(SNS, adrenergic): Functions Correct Answers "fight-or-flight"
...... ......
↑ HR
↑ cardiac contractility
↑ renin from kidneys
vasoconstriction of peripheral arterioles
Parasympathetic Nervous System (PSNS, cholinergic):
Functions Correct Answers "rest and digest"
...... ......
↓ HR
↓ cardiac contractility
↓ CO
SNS (adrenergic) receptors affecting BP (4) Correct Answers α1,
...... ......
α2, β1, β2
α1 adrenergic receptor:
1. Location
2. Agonist effect Correct Answers Location: arteries (inc. heart)
...... ... ...
Agonist effect: vasoconstriction, ↑ HR
, α2 adrenergic receptor:
1. Location
2. Agonist effect Correct Answers Location: arteries
...... ... ...
Agonist effect: vasoconstriction
β1 adrenergic receptor:
1. Location
2. Agonist effect Correct Answers Location: heart & kidneys
...... ... ...
Agonist effect:
↑ inotropic, ↑ chronotropic, ↑ dromotropic
↑ renin
Note: Beta Blockers = -olol suffix (ex: metoprolol)
β2 adrenergic receptor:
1. Location
2. Agonist effect Correct Answers Location: arteries of skeletal
...... ... ...
muscle, bronchioles
Agonist effect: vasodilation & bronchodilation
chronotropic Correct Answers HR
...... ......
inotropic Correct Answers force of contraction
...... ......
dromotropic Correct Answers speed of conduction
...... ......
