Patho Exam 3 Questions with 100% Verified Correct
Answers 2024/2025
A 56-year-old reports reduced exercise tolerance over the past 5 years. In the past year he has noted
chest pain after ascending a flight of stairs. He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes per day. On examination
he has a blood pressure of 155/95 mm Hg. His body mass index is 30. Laboratory findings include a
total serum cholesterol of 245 mg/dL with an HDL cholesterol of 22 mg/dL. Which of the following
vascular abnormalities is he most likely to have?
A Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
B Lymphedema
C Medial calcific sclerosis
D Atherosclerosis
E Deep venous thrombosis
F Plexiform arteriopathy - Correct Answer (D) CORRECT. He has multiple risk factors for
atherosclerosis, including his weight, smoking, hypertension, and high total cholesterol with low
'good' HDL cholesterol. His findings suggest coronary artery disease with risk for an acute coronary
syndrome.
A 54-year-old previously healthy woman is hospitalized for pneumonia. On the 10th hospital day she
is found to have swelling and tenderness of her right leg, which has developed over the past 48
hours. Raising the leg elicits pain. An ultrasound examination reveals findings suggestive of femoral
vein thrombosis. Which of the following conditions is most likely to have contributed the most to the
appearance of these findings?
A Trousseau syndrome
B Protein C deficiency
C Immobilization
,D Pregnancy
E Chronic alcohol abuse
F Hypertension - Correct Answer (C) CORRECT. The immobilization while in hopsital would predispose
to thrombosis of leg veins. This is the most common cause for deep venous thrombosis.
A 63-year-old man has had insulin dependent diabetes mellitus for over two decades. The degree of
control of his disease is indicated by the laboratory finding of hemoglobin A1C 10.1%. He has noted
episodes of abdominal pain following meals. These episodes have worsened over the past year. On
physical examination, there are no masses and no organomegaly of the abdomen, and he has no
tenderness to palpation. Which of the following pathologic findings is most likely to be present in this
man?
A Ruptured aortic aneurysm
B Hepatic infarction
C Mesenteric artery occlusion
D Acute pancreatitis
E Chronic renal failure - Correct Answer (C) CORRECT. He has 'abdominal angina' from diminished
blood flow to the bowel as a consequence of severe atherosclerosis. Persons with diabetes mellitus
may have this finding, because all branches of major arteries to the bowel are affected by
atherosclerosis.
A 62-year-old man has experienced substernal chest pain upon exertion with increasing frequency
over the past 6 months. An electrocardiogram shows features consistent with ischemic heart disease.
He has a total serum cholesterol of 262 mg/dL. By angiography, there is 75% narrowing of coronary
arteries. In which of the following locations is a mural thrombus most likely to occur in this man?
A Left atrium
,B Left ventricle
C Right atrium
D Right ventricle
E Aorta
F Vena cava - Correct Answer (B) CORRECT. The left ventricle is the major user of oxygen and
nutrients and requires a good blood supply. A complication of ischemic heart disease with infarction
is development of overlying mural thrombus. Such mural thrombi are likely to result from damage to
the left ventricle from ischemic heart disease, either acutely with an underlying myocardial
infarction, or with a left ventricular aneurysm formed following resolution of a large myocardial
infarction
A 66-year-old man with Parkinson disease develops pleuritic chest pain. On exam, he has guarding
over the right lower lung with dullness to percussion. A chest CT scan shows a focal, wedge-shaped
pleural baesed area of hemorrhage in the right lower lobe. Which of the following is the most likely
cause for his pulmonary lesion?
A Embolism
B Atherosclerosis
C Vasculitis
D Arteriolosclerosis
E Thrombosis - Correct Answer (A) CORRECT. A pulmonary infarction is described. A thromboembolus
from the venous circulation, usually arising in large leg veins, has lodged in a peripheral pulmonary
arterial branch. The bronchial arterial supply to the lung does not provide enough oxygenation to
prevent infarction, but does provide blood to make the infarct hemorrhagic. His neurodegenerative
disorder with reduced movement is a risk for phlebothrombosis.
A 44-year-old woman has a family history of heart disease. Her father and mother both developed
myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure as a result of occlusive coronary atherosclerosis. A
, dietary modification to include consumption of which of the following is most likely to reduce her
risk for ischemic heart disease?
A 40% of total caloric intake as fat
B Increased saturated fat
C Foods with cholesterol
D Cold water fish oil
E Fat found in beef products
F Hydrogenated oils with trans-fats - Correct Answer (D) CORRECT. Fish oils diminish arachidonic acid
metabolites and reduce platelet aggregation.
A study of atherogenesis is performed. There is a propensity for atheromas to form at muscular
arterial branch points, such as the carotid and aortic bifurcations. Which of the following events in
the arteries at these locations is most likely to initiate atherogenesis?
A Collagen synthesis
B Endothelial dysfunction
C Lactic acidosis
D Cholesterol breakdown
E Hypoxemia - Correct Answer (B) CORRECT. A variety of stressors may affect endothelial cells,
including the shear stress from turbulent flow at arterial branch points. Endothelial dysfunction is the
initiating event that allows insudation of lipids to promote atherogenesis.
Answers 2024/2025
A 56-year-old reports reduced exercise tolerance over the past 5 years. In the past year he has noted
chest pain after ascending a flight of stairs. He smokes 2 packs of cigarettes per day. On examination
he has a blood pressure of 155/95 mm Hg. His body mass index is 30. Laboratory findings include a
total serum cholesterol of 245 mg/dL with an HDL cholesterol of 22 mg/dL. Which of the following
vascular abnormalities is he most likely to have?
A Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
B Lymphedema
C Medial calcific sclerosis
D Atherosclerosis
E Deep venous thrombosis
F Plexiform arteriopathy - Correct Answer (D) CORRECT. He has multiple risk factors for
atherosclerosis, including his weight, smoking, hypertension, and high total cholesterol with low
'good' HDL cholesterol. His findings suggest coronary artery disease with risk for an acute coronary
syndrome.
A 54-year-old previously healthy woman is hospitalized for pneumonia. On the 10th hospital day she
is found to have swelling and tenderness of her right leg, which has developed over the past 48
hours. Raising the leg elicits pain. An ultrasound examination reveals findings suggestive of femoral
vein thrombosis. Which of the following conditions is most likely to have contributed the most to the
appearance of these findings?
A Trousseau syndrome
B Protein C deficiency
C Immobilization
,D Pregnancy
E Chronic alcohol abuse
F Hypertension - Correct Answer (C) CORRECT. The immobilization while in hopsital would predispose
to thrombosis of leg veins. This is the most common cause for deep venous thrombosis.
A 63-year-old man has had insulin dependent diabetes mellitus for over two decades. The degree of
control of his disease is indicated by the laboratory finding of hemoglobin A1C 10.1%. He has noted
episodes of abdominal pain following meals. These episodes have worsened over the past year. On
physical examination, there are no masses and no organomegaly of the abdomen, and he has no
tenderness to palpation. Which of the following pathologic findings is most likely to be present in this
man?
A Ruptured aortic aneurysm
B Hepatic infarction
C Mesenteric artery occlusion
D Acute pancreatitis
E Chronic renal failure - Correct Answer (C) CORRECT. He has 'abdominal angina' from diminished
blood flow to the bowel as a consequence of severe atherosclerosis. Persons with diabetes mellitus
may have this finding, because all branches of major arteries to the bowel are affected by
atherosclerosis.
A 62-year-old man has experienced substernal chest pain upon exertion with increasing frequency
over the past 6 months. An electrocardiogram shows features consistent with ischemic heart disease.
He has a total serum cholesterol of 262 mg/dL. By angiography, there is 75% narrowing of coronary
arteries. In which of the following locations is a mural thrombus most likely to occur in this man?
A Left atrium
,B Left ventricle
C Right atrium
D Right ventricle
E Aorta
F Vena cava - Correct Answer (B) CORRECT. The left ventricle is the major user of oxygen and
nutrients and requires a good blood supply. A complication of ischemic heart disease with infarction
is development of overlying mural thrombus. Such mural thrombi are likely to result from damage to
the left ventricle from ischemic heart disease, either acutely with an underlying myocardial
infarction, or with a left ventricular aneurysm formed following resolution of a large myocardial
infarction
A 66-year-old man with Parkinson disease develops pleuritic chest pain. On exam, he has guarding
over the right lower lung with dullness to percussion. A chest CT scan shows a focal, wedge-shaped
pleural baesed area of hemorrhage in the right lower lobe. Which of the following is the most likely
cause for his pulmonary lesion?
A Embolism
B Atherosclerosis
C Vasculitis
D Arteriolosclerosis
E Thrombosis - Correct Answer (A) CORRECT. A pulmonary infarction is described. A thromboembolus
from the venous circulation, usually arising in large leg veins, has lodged in a peripheral pulmonary
arterial branch. The bronchial arterial supply to the lung does not provide enough oxygenation to
prevent infarction, but does provide blood to make the infarct hemorrhagic. His neurodegenerative
disorder with reduced movement is a risk for phlebothrombosis.
A 44-year-old woman has a family history of heart disease. Her father and mother both developed
myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure as a result of occlusive coronary atherosclerosis. A
, dietary modification to include consumption of which of the following is most likely to reduce her
risk for ischemic heart disease?
A 40% of total caloric intake as fat
B Increased saturated fat
C Foods with cholesterol
D Cold water fish oil
E Fat found in beef products
F Hydrogenated oils with trans-fats - Correct Answer (D) CORRECT. Fish oils diminish arachidonic acid
metabolites and reduce platelet aggregation.
A study of atherogenesis is performed. There is a propensity for atheromas to form at muscular
arterial branch points, such as the carotid and aortic bifurcations. Which of the following events in
the arteries at these locations is most likely to initiate atherogenesis?
A Collagen synthesis
B Endothelial dysfunction
C Lactic acidosis
D Cholesterol breakdown
E Hypoxemia - Correct Answer (B) CORRECT. A variety of stressors may affect endothelial cells,
including the shear stress from turbulent flow at arterial branch points. Endothelial dysfunction is the
initiating event that allows insudation of lipids to promote atherogenesis.
