1|Page
ELECTROCORTICOGRAPHY AND FUNCTIONAL
MAPPING FOR CLTM BOARD PREP 2024-2025
Exam WITH 100 Questions AND ANSWERS
In functional cortical mapping a phase reversal occurs between the
electrode contact points located:
a. Between the L and R hemispheres
b. Between Broca's and Wernicke's areas
c. Between the central and temporal lobes
d. Between the Falx cerebri and the longitudinal fissure
e. Between the motor and sensory trip of the brain - ANSWER-e. Between
the motor and sensory trip of the brain
Awake craniotomy patients must have muscle relaxant on board to prevent
their pulling out the ET tube:
a. True
b. False - ANSWER-b. False (There is no ET tube used in awake
surgeries)
The purpose of electrical stimulation of brainstem structures is to identify
cranial motor nuclei and their motor tracts.
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a. True
b. False - ANSWER-a. True
Direct cortical stimulation of brain mapping can be done: (select all that
apply)
-Intraoperatively
-Without need of surgery using surface scalp electrodes
-As an outpatient procedure
-Extra-operatively using implanted subdural electrodes - ANSWER--Extra-
operatively using implanted subdural electrodes
Which of the following is NOT a circulatory management strategy used
during aortic surgery?
a. Antegrade cerebral perfusion
b. Cardiopulmonary bypass
c. Retrograde cerebral perfusion
d. Hypothermia - ANSWER-d. Hypothermia
It is imperative to have an understanding of the anatomy of the rhomboid
fossa in order to properly plan neurophysiological techniques to use for
mapping.
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True or False? - ANSWER-True
If we know normal brain anatomy and the the cytoarchitectural organization
of the Human Cerebral Cortex, why do we still need to do cortical
stimulation during ECoG to localize function
a. Right and left handed people have great variability in brain organization
b. Normal range variability and sometimes variations caused by
abnormalities such as tumors
c. Not enough studies have been done on normal brain function to
establish normal patterns - ANSWER-b. Normal range variability and
sometimes variations caused by abnormalities such as tumors
In mapping within the brainstem, there are special challenges in
determining both a safe approach and performing precise mapping. The
use of monopolar and bipolar stimulation can be useful but are thought to
provide slightly different information. (Select all statements that are true)
a. Bipolar stimulators are thought to be more sensitive
b. Monopolar stimulators are thought to be more sensitive, but more
research is needed
c. Monopolar stimulators are thought to be more specific
d. Bipolar stimulators are thought to be more specific, but more research is
needed - ANSWER-b. Monopolar stimulators are thought to be more
sensitive, but more research is needed
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d. Bipolar stimulators are thought to be more specific, but more research is
needed
During speech mapping if the patient stops speaking, delays or has
paraphasic errors during stimulation, this is called a negative phenomenon
and identification of speech is then marked on the cortex with sterile pieces
of paper.
True or False? - ANSWER-True
The functional data from stimulation of the cortex directly that results in an
after-discharge, is useful in mapping brain function.
True or False? - ANSWER-False
Occlusion of the innominate artery is most likely to cause:
a. Aphasia
b. Reduces pulses in the L arm
c. L hemispheric stroke
d. R hemispheric stroke - ANSWER-d. R hemispheric stroke
What is the recommended sampling rate for ECoG recordings?
a. 70 Hz is the minimum
ELECTROCORTICOGRAPHY AND FUNCTIONAL
MAPPING FOR CLTM BOARD PREP 2024-2025
Exam WITH 100 Questions AND ANSWERS
In functional cortical mapping a phase reversal occurs between the
electrode contact points located:
a. Between the L and R hemispheres
b. Between Broca's and Wernicke's areas
c. Between the central and temporal lobes
d. Between the Falx cerebri and the longitudinal fissure
e. Between the motor and sensory trip of the brain - ANSWER-e. Between
the motor and sensory trip of the brain
Awake craniotomy patients must have muscle relaxant on board to prevent
their pulling out the ET tube:
a. True
b. False - ANSWER-b. False (There is no ET tube used in awake
surgeries)
The purpose of electrical stimulation of brainstem structures is to identify
cranial motor nuclei and their motor tracts.
,2|Page
a. True
b. False - ANSWER-a. True
Direct cortical stimulation of brain mapping can be done: (select all that
apply)
-Intraoperatively
-Without need of surgery using surface scalp electrodes
-As an outpatient procedure
-Extra-operatively using implanted subdural electrodes - ANSWER--Extra-
operatively using implanted subdural electrodes
Which of the following is NOT a circulatory management strategy used
during aortic surgery?
a. Antegrade cerebral perfusion
b. Cardiopulmonary bypass
c. Retrograde cerebral perfusion
d. Hypothermia - ANSWER-d. Hypothermia
It is imperative to have an understanding of the anatomy of the rhomboid
fossa in order to properly plan neurophysiological techniques to use for
mapping.
,3|Page
True or False? - ANSWER-True
If we know normal brain anatomy and the the cytoarchitectural organization
of the Human Cerebral Cortex, why do we still need to do cortical
stimulation during ECoG to localize function
a. Right and left handed people have great variability in brain organization
b. Normal range variability and sometimes variations caused by
abnormalities such as tumors
c. Not enough studies have been done on normal brain function to
establish normal patterns - ANSWER-b. Normal range variability and
sometimes variations caused by abnormalities such as tumors
In mapping within the brainstem, there are special challenges in
determining both a safe approach and performing precise mapping. The
use of monopolar and bipolar stimulation can be useful but are thought to
provide slightly different information. (Select all statements that are true)
a. Bipolar stimulators are thought to be more sensitive
b. Monopolar stimulators are thought to be more sensitive, but more
research is needed
c. Monopolar stimulators are thought to be more specific
d. Bipolar stimulators are thought to be more specific, but more research is
needed - ANSWER-b. Monopolar stimulators are thought to be more
sensitive, but more research is needed
, 4|Page
d. Bipolar stimulators are thought to be more specific, but more research is
needed
During speech mapping if the patient stops speaking, delays or has
paraphasic errors during stimulation, this is called a negative phenomenon
and identification of speech is then marked on the cortex with sterile pieces
of paper.
True or False? - ANSWER-True
The functional data from stimulation of the cortex directly that results in an
after-discharge, is useful in mapping brain function.
True or False? - ANSWER-False
Occlusion of the innominate artery is most likely to cause:
a. Aphasia
b. Reduces pulses in the L arm
c. L hemispheric stroke
d. R hemispheric stroke - ANSWER-d. R hemispheric stroke
What is the recommended sampling rate for ECoG recordings?
a. 70 Hz is the minimum
