HIGH YIELD DAT BIOLOGY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
What are the functions of the skin? - ANSWER Homeostasis, protection, temperature regulation, stimuli
reception, and vitamin D production
Epidermis - ANSWER Made of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium and has no blood vessels
What are the layers of epidermis, from superficial to deep? - ANSWER Stratum corneum (corneocytes),
stratum lucidum (dying keratinocytes), stratum granulosum (lamerllar bodies), stratum spinosum
(desmosomes for strenth and langerhans for immunity), and stratum basale (merkel cells, stem cells, and
melanocytes)
Where are melanocytes and merkel cells found? - ANSWER Stratum basale
Where are elastin and collagen found? What happens when they break down? - ANSWER In the dermis;
wrinkling of skin
Hypodermis - ANSWER Contains layers of fat and blood vessels. Also known as the "subcutaneous fat
layer", but is not considered a part of the skin
glomular filtrate - ANSWER Contains the same substance as blood plasma, which the exception of larger
proteins like blood
Nephron - ANSWER basic functional unit of the kidney. It has four functions: Filtration, excretion,
secretion, and resorption
What is the filtrate path in order? - ANSWER Glomerus > Bowman's capsule > proximal tubule > loop of
henle > distal tubule > collecting duct > renal pelvis > ureter
Fenestrations/podocytes - ANSWER Help to filter out small substances to the Bowman's capsules, while
the larger things remain in the blood
, Aldosterone - ANSWER increases water and salt reabsorption by kidney tubules
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWER Hormone produced by the neurosecretory cells in the
hypothalamus that stimulates water reabsorption from kidney tubule cells into the blood and
vasoconstriction of arterioles.
Uric acid - ANSWER Secretion that is water soluble and less toxic than ammonia and urea. It forms
crystals.
freshwater fish - ANSWER Take water in, excrete ions (salts) out, and have large amounts of dilute urine
bony fish - ANSWER Expel water out, take ions in, and excrete small amounts of urine, but is very
concentrated
Why do women have more urinary tract infections than men? - ANSWER Women have a shorter urethra,
which means bacteria doesn't have to travel as far to reach it.
Juxtaglumerular Cells - ANSWER modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole that detect
changes in blood pressure and sodium levels.
Where does the blastophore develope first in deutrosomes? - ANSWER Where you go "doo doo" (anus)
Where does the blastophore develop first for proteosomes? - ANSWER The mouth
Ectoderm - ANSWER Think "attracto-derm", which is what makes people sexually attracted to you
ex: brain, sensory party, epidermis, mammary/sweat glands, enamel, pigment cells, and adrenal medulla
Mesoderm - ANSWER Think "means-o derm" or the things you need in order to physically have sex
ex: skeleton, muscles, gonads, cardio system, adrenal cortex, spleen, and notochord
AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
What are the functions of the skin? - ANSWER Homeostasis, protection, temperature regulation, stimuli
reception, and vitamin D production
Epidermis - ANSWER Made of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium and has no blood vessels
What are the layers of epidermis, from superficial to deep? - ANSWER Stratum corneum (corneocytes),
stratum lucidum (dying keratinocytes), stratum granulosum (lamerllar bodies), stratum spinosum
(desmosomes for strenth and langerhans for immunity), and stratum basale (merkel cells, stem cells, and
melanocytes)
Where are melanocytes and merkel cells found? - ANSWER Stratum basale
Where are elastin and collagen found? What happens when they break down? - ANSWER In the dermis;
wrinkling of skin
Hypodermis - ANSWER Contains layers of fat and blood vessels. Also known as the "subcutaneous fat
layer", but is not considered a part of the skin
glomular filtrate - ANSWER Contains the same substance as blood plasma, which the exception of larger
proteins like blood
Nephron - ANSWER basic functional unit of the kidney. It has four functions: Filtration, excretion,
secretion, and resorption
What is the filtrate path in order? - ANSWER Glomerus > Bowman's capsule > proximal tubule > loop of
henle > distal tubule > collecting duct > renal pelvis > ureter
Fenestrations/podocytes - ANSWER Help to filter out small substances to the Bowman's capsules, while
the larger things remain in the blood
, Aldosterone - ANSWER increases water and salt reabsorption by kidney tubules
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - ANSWER Hormone produced by the neurosecretory cells in the
hypothalamus that stimulates water reabsorption from kidney tubule cells into the blood and
vasoconstriction of arterioles.
Uric acid - ANSWER Secretion that is water soluble and less toxic than ammonia and urea. It forms
crystals.
freshwater fish - ANSWER Take water in, excrete ions (salts) out, and have large amounts of dilute urine
bony fish - ANSWER Expel water out, take ions in, and excrete small amounts of urine, but is very
concentrated
Why do women have more urinary tract infections than men? - ANSWER Women have a shorter urethra,
which means bacteria doesn't have to travel as far to reach it.
Juxtaglumerular Cells - ANSWER modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole that detect
changes in blood pressure and sodium levels.
Where does the blastophore develope first in deutrosomes? - ANSWER Where you go "doo doo" (anus)
Where does the blastophore develop first for proteosomes? - ANSWER The mouth
Ectoderm - ANSWER Think "attracto-derm", which is what makes people sexually attracted to you
ex: brain, sensory party, epidermis, mammary/sweat glands, enamel, pigment cells, and adrenal medulla
Mesoderm - ANSWER Think "means-o derm" or the things you need in order to physically have sex
ex: skeleton, muscles, gonads, cardio system, adrenal cortex, spleen, and notochord
