NR304 Exam 1: PVL, Abdomen Actual Real Practice Exam Questions And Detailed Answers.

Water-Hammer (Corrigan Pulse) 3+ - correct answer -greater than normal force, then collapses suddenly. -associated with aortic valve regurgitation and patent ductus arterioles Pulsus Bigeminus - correct answer rhythm coupled, every other beat comes early, or normal beat followed by premature beat; force of premature beach decreased because of the shortened cardiac filling Pulsus Alternans - correct answer rhythm regular but force varies, with alternating beats of large and small amplitude Pulsus Paradoxus - correct answer beats have weaker amplitude with inspiration, stronger with expiration; best determined during blood pressure measurement; reading decreases (,10 mmHg) during inspiration and increases with expiration Pulsus Bisferiens - correct answer each pulse has 2 strong systolic peak with a dip in between, best assessed at the carotid artery Raynaud Phenomenon - correct answer episodes of abrupt tricolor of skin in response to cold 1-pallor 2-cyanotic 3-rubor (may have numbness or pain in the pallor/cyanotic phase, and then swelling/throbbing/burning in the rubor phase- lasts minutes to hours, smoking increases symptoms) Lymphedema - correct answer high-protein swelling of the limb- most commonly caused by breast cancer treatment. Happens with removal of surgical removal of lymph nodes. Arterial (ischemic) Ulcer - correct answer -pale, ischemic base -well-defined edges -no bleeding -deep -cool, pallor -low pulse Venous (stasis) Ulcer - correct answer -moist, bleeding -uneven edges -shallow, weeping -warm Superficial Varicose Veins - correct answer -result of increased venous pressure and incompetent valves -3x more common in women -color: red/blue/purple -aching, heaviness in calf, restless legs, burning, throbbing, cramping -dilated/tortuous veins DVT (deep vein thrombosis) - correct answer -deep vein occluded by a thrombus, causes inflammation, blocked venous return, cyanosis, and edema. -Virchow triad: 1. stasis 2. hypercoaguability 3. endothelial dysfunction (sharp deep muscle pain, increased warmth, swelling) Aneurysms - correct answer sac formed by dilation in the artery wall. most common cause is atherosclerosis- blood pressure creates balloon enlargement Occlusions - correct answer caused by atherosclerosis. reduces blood flow with oxygen and vital nutrients. arterial insufficiency - correct answer -cool,shiny skin -absence of hair -pallor on elevation -deep muscle pain -pain aggravated by activity -cyanotic/pallor venous insufficiency - correct answer -normal/warm temp -edema -feeling of fullness in legs -pain after prolonged standing -skin is a brownish color palpable pulse by examination (8) - correct answer - temporal - coratid - brachial - radial - femoral - poplietal - dorsal pedis - posterior tibialis grading peripheral pulses - correct answer 3 point scale grading the amplitude/force of pulses 3+ full, bounding 2+ normal 1+ weak, thready 0 absent superficial palpable lymph nodes - correct answer cervical nodes axillary nodes inguinal nodes epitrochlear related organs to the lymphatic system - correct answer spleen tonsils thymus what is the action of the spleen (relating to lymphatic system)? - correct answer 1 destroys old RBC 2 produces antibodies 3 stores RBC 4 filters microorganisms from blood (the spleen is a soft mass of lymphatic tissue) what is the action of the tonsils (relating to lymphatic system)? - correct answer responds to local infection what is the action of the thymus (relating to lymphatic system)? - correct answer produces T-lymphocytes in children functions of the lymphatic system - correct answer -retrieve excess fluid from tissue and return to blood stream -conserve plasma proteins that leak out of capillaries -part of the immune system -absorbs lipids from the GI tract lymph nodes - correct answer clumps of lymphatic tissue along the lymphatic vessels that filter fluids before returning them to bloodstream, houses the B and T lymphocytes that eliminate pathogens strongest risk factor for PAD - correct answer smoking screening tool for PAD - correct answer Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) infants/children - correct answer -large palpable lymph nodes even when healthy pregnant women - correct answer -drop in BP -edema -varicose veins -hemorrhoids -pitting edema in third trimester aging adults - correct answer -arteriosclerosis -atherosclerosis -PAD -increased SYSTOLIC BP -loss of lymphatic tissue character of pain in arterial insufficiency - correct answer deep, throbbing, cramping, numbness/tingling, cold feeling aggravating factors of arterial insufficiency - correct answer activity, elevation relieving factors of arterial insufficiency - correct answer rest, dangling 6 P's of arterial insufficiency - correct answer pain pallor pulselessness paresthesia poikilothermic paralysis risk factors for arterial insufficiency - correct answer older adults: women middle age adults: men obesity diabetes smoking hypercholestermia vascular disease HTN risk factors for venous insufficiency - correct answer prolonged sitting/standing