NUR 203 BURNS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
BASED ON BRUNNER 12TH ED, CHAP 57; P.1718-1753
Types of burns
Answers :Chemical (cleaning agents), electrical (lightning), Thermal (hot water),
Radiation( sunburn), Flame burn
Chemical: From cleaning agents or other caustic substances.
Electrical: From sources like lightning or electrical outlets.
Thermal: Caused by hot water, steam, or other heat sources.
Radiation: From sunburn or radiation exposure.
Flame Burn: Resulting from direct contact with fire.
Burn Assessment
Depth: Determines the extent of skin damage.
Extent: Percentage of the body surface area affected.
Type: Specific burn type (thermal, chemical, electrical, etc.).
Patient Age: Affects healing and treatment strategy.
Prior Health Problems: Pre-existing conditions that may complicate treatment.
Answers :depth, extent, type, pt age, prior heath problems
Obtaining a history of actual burn incident
History (AMPLE): Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last meal, Events
leading to the injury.
When: Timing of the burn incident.
What: Specific cause of the burn.
How Long: Duration of exposure.
How Hot/Concentrated: Temperature or concentration in chemical burns.
Enclosed/Open Space: Environment during the burn.
Explosion: Whether there was an explosion.
,Other Trauma: Any associated injuries.
First Aid Given: Initial care before medical help.
Where Burnt: Specific areas affected, especially critical zones like airway, face,
hands, genitals.
Extent: Scope and spread of the burn.
Depth: Approximate depth of burn tissue.
Considerations: Non-accidental injury (NAI), alcohol/drug use.
Answers :History: AMPLE, When, what, how long, how hot (or concentrated for
chemical), enclosed/open
space, explosion, other trauma. What first aid given.
Examination: Where burnt (esp airway - upper/lower signs, face, hands, genitals),
how
extensive, approx depth.
Consider: NAI, EtOH/Drug use.
Rule of Nines
Rule of Nines
Definition: A method to estimate the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by
burns. The body is divided into 11 areas, each representing 9% of the TBSA.
Lund-Browder
Definition: A more precise method for evaluating burn severity in children, taking
into account the changing body proportions with age. Used after initial treatment
and debridement.
Palmar Method
Definition: Estimation method where the size of the patient's palm (excluding
fingers) is approximately 1% of the TBSA. Used for small or scattered burns.
Depth of Burn
1st Degree (Superficial Burn): Confined to the epidermis. Red, dry, blanches to
touch, heals in 3-6 days without scarring.
, 2nd Degree (Superficial Partial-Thickness Burn): Involves the epidermis and upper
dermis. Moist, blisters, heals in 7-20 days, possible pigment changes.
2nd Degree (Deep Partial-Thickness Burn): Affects deeper dermis, destroys
capillaries, less painful, heals in over 21 days, high risk of scarring.
3rd Degree (Full-Thickness Burn): Damages epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous
tissue. Painless due to nerve destruction, requires advanced care.
4th Degree Burn: Extends into muscle, tendon, or bone. Requires specialized care,
grafts typically ineffective.
Answers :method used to calculate the amount of fluid lost as the result of a burn;
divides the body into 11 areas, each accounting for 9% of the total body area
Lund-Browder
Answers :Used to evaluate the severity of burn, takes into account the changing
proportions of the child. More precise, calculated after the pt is settled in the burn
unit (not done in ER) after debridement, takes the surface area of the growing child
into account.
Palmar Method
Answers :1%, the size of the patient's palm, not including the surface area of the
digits, is approximately 1% of the TBSA. Method used to estimate the extent of a
small or scattered burn injury,
Depth of Burn
Answers :Helps to determine the extent of the injury:
1st- Superficial (sunburn)
2nd- Superficial partial thickness and deep partial
thickness (second degree)
3rd- Full Thickness (3rd and 4th degree)
1st Degree Burn
BASED ON BRUNNER 12TH ED, CHAP 57; P.1718-1753
Types of burns
Answers :Chemical (cleaning agents), electrical (lightning), Thermal (hot water),
Radiation( sunburn), Flame burn
Chemical: From cleaning agents or other caustic substances.
Electrical: From sources like lightning or electrical outlets.
Thermal: Caused by hot water, steam, or other heat sources.
Radiation: From sunburn or radiation exposure.
Flame Burn: Resulting from direct contact with fire.
Burn Assessment
Depth: Determines the extent of skin damage.
Extent: Percentage of the body surface area affected.
Type: Specific burn type (thermal, chemical, electrical, etc.).
Patient Age: Affects healing and treatment strategy.
Prior Health Problems: Pre-existing conditions that may complicate treatment.
Answers :depth, extent, type, pt age, prior heath problems
Obtaining a history of actual burn incident
History (AMPLE): Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last meal, Events
leading to the injury.
When: Timing of the burn incident.
What: Specific cause of the burn.
How Long: Duration of exposure.
How Hot/Concentrated: Temperature or concentration in chemical burns.
Enclosed/Open Space: Environment during the burn.
Explosion: Whether there was an explosion.
,Other Trauma: Any associated injuries.
First Aid Given: Initial care before medical help.
Where Burnt: Specific areas affected, especially critical zones like airway, face,
hands, genitals.
Extent: Scope and spread of the burn.
Depth: Approximate depth of burn tissue.
Considerations: Non-accidental injury (NAI), alcohol/drug use.
Answers :History: AMPLE, When, what, how long, how hot (or concentrated for
chemical), enclosed/open
space, explosion, other trauma. What first aid given.
Examination: Where burnt (esp airway - upper/lower signs, face, hands, genitals),
how
extensive, approx depth.
Consider: NAI, EtOH/Drug use.
Rule of Nines
Rule of Nines
Definition: A method to estimate the total body surface area (TBSA) affected by
burns. The body is divided into 11 areas, each representing 9% of the TBSA.
Lund-Browder
Definition: A more precise method for evaluating burn severity in children, taking
into account the changing body proportions with age. Used after initial treatment
and debridement.
Palmar Method
Definition: Estimation method where the size of the patient's palm (excluding
fingers) is approximately 1% of the TBSA. Used for small or scattered burns.
Depth of Burn
1st Degree (Superficial Burn): Confined to the epidermis. Red, dry, blanches to
touch, heals in 3-6 days without scarring.
, 2nd Degree (Superficial Partial-Thickness Burn): Involves the epidermis and upper
dermis. Moist, blisters, heals in 7-20 days, possible pigment changes.
2nd Degree (Deep Partial-Thickness Burn): Affects deeper dermis, destroys
capillaries, less painful, heals in over 21 days, high risk of scarring.
3rd Degree (Full-Thickness Burn): Damages epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous
tissue. Painless due to nerve destruction, requires advanced care.
4th Degree Burn: Extends into muscle, tendon, or bone. Requires specialized care,
grafts typically ineffective.
Answers :method used to calculate the amount of fluid lost as the result of a burn;
divides the body into 11 areas, each accounting for 9% of the total body area
Lund-Browder
Answers :Used to evaluate the severity of burn, takes into account the changing
proportions of the child. More precise, calculated after the pt is settled in the burn
unit (not done in ER) after debridement, takes the surface area of the growing child
into account.
Palmar Method
Answers :1%, the size of the patient's palm, not including the surface area of the
digits, is approximately 1% of the TBSA. Method used to estimate the extent of a
small or scattered burn injury,
Depth of Burn
Answers :Helps to determine the extent of the injury:
1st- Superficial (sunburn)
2nd- Superficial partial thickness and deep partial
thickness (second degree)
3rd- Full Thickness (3rd and 4th degree)
1st Degree Burn
