©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AM
Anatomy & Physiology Midterm Review Chapters 1 – 6
Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
Anatomy - ✔️✔️Study of the structure and shape of the body, its parts and their relation with
one another
Physiology - ✔️✔️The study of how the body and its parts function
Anatomical Position - ✔️✔️Body is erect with feet parallel and arms hanging at the sides with
the palms facing forward with thumbs facing away from the body
Superior - ✔️✔️Up or above
Inferior - ✔️✔️Below or under
Anterior - ✔️✔️Toward the front
Posterior - ✔️✔️Behind
Medial - ✔️✔️Middle or mid line
Lateral - ✔️✔️Away from the center/mid line
Intermediate - ✔️✔️Inbetween
Proximal - ✔️✔️Closer to the point of attachment
Distal - ✔️✔️Farther from the origin part of a body part
Superficial - ✔️✔️Toward or at the body surface
Deep - ✔️✔️Away from the body surface
Homeostasis - ✔️✔️A state of equilibrium balance in which internal conditions change and
vary always within relatively narrow limits
Negative - ✔️✔️Depression of the response from the stimulus; most common
Positive - ✔️✔️Enhancement of the response from the stimulus
Negative feed back loop - ✔️✔️A process in which the body senses a change, and activates
mechanisms to reverse that change
Positive feedback loop - ✔️✔️It causes a self-amplifying cycle where a physiological change
leads to even greater change in the same direction
Page 1 of 6
, ©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AM
Survival Needs - ✔️✔️Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Normal body Temp. & Atmospheric pressure
Necessary Life Functions - ✔️✔️Maintaining boundaries, movement, Metabolism, Body waste
disposal, reproduction, growth
Chemical - ✔️✔️atoms combine to form molecules
Cellular - ✔️✔️molecules combine to form cells
Tissue - ✔️✔️similar cells combine to form tissues
Organ - ✔️✔️different tissue types combine to form an organ
Organ System - ✔️✔️different organs working together
Organismal - ✔️✔️many organ systems working together
ATP - ✔️✔️the energy currency of life. A high-energy molecule found in every cell. Its job is
to store and supply the cell with needed energy.
Macromolecules - ✔️✔️Giant molecules formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually
by a condensation reaction
Nucleic acids (has Nucleotide) - ✔️✔️DNA & RNA; molecules that enable living organisms to
reproduce genetic information from one generation to the next
Carbohydrates (Monosaccharide) (Energy Storage) - ✔️✔️Molecules that provide fuel and
build structures in the body
Proteins (Amino Acid) (Enzymes) - ✔️✔️Molecules that provide structural support, storage,
transport, cell communication, movement, and defense
Lipids (Glycerol & fatty acids) (Membrane Structure) - ✔️✔️Molecules that store energy and
regulate the body's metabolic processes
4 Most Abundant elements in Living Organisms - ✔️✔️Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen &
Oxygen
Toncity - ✔️✔️The concentration of solutions in the external environment (outside the cell)
and the internal environment (inside cell)
Hypertonic ("Hyper" - more than & "tonic" concentration of solute" - ✔️✔️Have a greater
concentration of solute than another solution
Hypotonic ("Hypo" - less than) - ✔️✔️Lower concentration of solute than another solution
Page 2 of 6
Anatomy & Physiology Midterm Review Chapters 1 – 6
Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
Anatomy - ✔️✔️Study of the structure and shape of the body, its parts and their relation with
one another
Physiology - ✔️✔️The study of how the body and its parts function
Anatomical Position - ✔️✔️Body is erect with feet parallel and arms hanging at the sides with
the palms facing forward with thumbs facing away from the body
Superior - ✔️✔️Up or above
Inferior - ✔️✔️Below or under
Anterior - ✔️✔️Toward the front
Posterior - ✔️✔️Behind
Medial - ✔️✔️Middle or mid line
Lateral - ✔️✔️Away from the center/mid line
Intermediate - ✔️✔️Inbetween
Proximal - ✔️✔️Closer to the point of attachment
Distal - ✔️✔️Farther from the origin part of a body part
Superficial - ✔️✔️Toward or at the body surface
Deep - ✔️✔️Away from the body surface
Homeostasis - ✔️✔️A state of equilibrium balance in which internal conditions change and
vary always within relatively narrow limits
Negative - ✔️✔️Depression of the response from the stimulus; most common
Positive - ✔️✔️Enhancement of the response from the stimulus
Negative feed back loop - ✔️✔️A process in which the body senses a change, and activates
mechanisms to reverse that change
Positive feedback loop - ✔️✔️It causes a self-amplifying cycle where a physiological change
leads to even greater change in the same direction
Page 1 of 6
, ©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AM
Survival Needs - ✔️✔️Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Normal body Temp. & Atmospheric pressure
Necessary Life Functions - ✔️✔️Maintaining boundaries, movement, Metabolism, Body waste
disposal, reproduction, growth
Chemical - ✔️✔️atoms combine to form molecules
Cellular - ✔️✔️molecules combine to form cells
Tissue - ✔️✔️similar cells combine to form tissues
Organ - ✔️✔️different tissue types combine to form an organ
Organ System - ✔️✔️different organs working together
Organismal - ✔️✔️many organ systems working together
ATP - ✔️✔️the energy currency of life. A high-energy molecule found in every cell. Its job is
to store and supply the cell with needed energy.
Macromolecules - ✔️✔️Giant molecules formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually
by a condensation reaction
Nucleic acids (has Nucleotide) - ✔️✔️DNA & RNA; molecules that enable living organisms to
reproduce genetic information from one generation to the next
Carbohydrates (Monosaccharide) (Energy Storage) - ✔️✔️Molecules that provide fuel and
build structures in the body
Proteins (Amino Acid) (Enzymes) - ✔️✔️Molecules that provide structural support, storage,
transport, cell communication, movement, and defense
Lipids (Glycerol & fatty acids) (Membrane Structure) - ✔️✔️Molecules that store energy and
regulate the body's metabolic processes
4 Most Abundant elements in Living Organisms - ✔️✔️Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen &
Oxygen
Toncity - ✔️✔️The concentration of solutions in the external environment (outside the cell)
and the internal environment (inside cell)
Hypertonic ("Hyper" - more than & "tonic" concentration of solute" - ✔️✔️Have a greater
concentration of solute than another solution
Hypotonic ("Hypo" - less than) - ✔️✔️Lower concentration of solute than another solution
Page 2 of 6
