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Thermoplastic food extrusion, questions, and answers – A simplified approach

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HOW IS EXTRUSION DEFINED? There are several definitions for food extrusion, one of them is: Extrusion is a heat treatment process of the H.T.S.T high-temperature short time), which through a combination of heat, moisture, and mechanical work, modifies profoundly the raw materials, providing new shapes and structures with different functional and nutritional characteristics. What are the main applications of the extrusion process? 3 WHAT ARE THE MAIN APPLICATIONS OF THE EXTRUSION PROCESS? The efficiency in continuous production, combined with the ability to produce shapes that are not easily realized with other production methods, has led to the extensive use of extrusion in the food industry. An indication of some applications is shown in Table 1 For human consumption Breadcrumbs (breadcrumbs) Spice Degermination flavor encapsulation Anhydrous decrystallization of sugars to make candy Enzymatic liquefaction of starch for fermentation in ethanol Chocolate shell for quick-cooking pasta Treatment of oilseeds for further oil extraction Pre-treated malt and starch for fermentation Gelatin gel confectionery Rice bran stabilization Vegetable protein gelling Preparation of pre-cooked pasta Partial destruction of aflatoxins in peanut meal or gossypol in cottonseed meal Preparation of sterilized baby food (Porridge and baby food) Caramels, licorice, chewing gum Elimination of soybean trypsin inhibitor in feed use Corn, rice, sorghum and potato snacks, etc. Production of textured pulses Co-extruded snacks with internal fillings Pre-cooked flours of cereals, pseudocereals, grains in general, and tuberose Restructuring of minced meat Crispy bread, cookies, crackers instant rice puddings Modification of starches by reactive extrusion For animal consumption Pet food (dogs, cats, etc.) Livestock feed (poultry, swine, dairy and beef cattle, goats, sheep, etc.) aquaculture feed horse feed For industrial use Pregelatinized starches for the textile industry Pregelatinized starches for the mining industry Pregelatinized starches for the oil extraction industry Manufacturing Bioplastic materials for and packaging utensils (cutlery made from starchy materials) Manufacture of paper money Manufacture of biodegradable packaging material (styrofoam replacement) Table 1. Main applications of the extrusion process Font: Adapted from James G. Brennan, 2006. What

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