SCF Nursing 1-Exam 3 Pain Medications questions and Answers Latest Update Fully Solved 100%

Treatment of OD (ASA) - activated charcoal, gastric lavage, laxative, or drug therapy for OD why is acetaminophen not good at treating arthritis? - It has no anti-inflammatory properties, so it is not useful in treating arthritis or tissue pain/swelling following injury Opioid dependence - Potential to cause physical & psychologic dependence Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) Combinations with nonnarcotic analgesics Roles of the nurse for opioid therapy - 1. Monitor Patient's condition & provide education 2. Assess for dependency (have opioid antagonist available to reverse negative effects) 3. Assist with activity 4. Monitor urine output for retention 5. Monitor patient's bowel habits for constipation 6. Pain assessment 7. Look for side effects Non-opioid analgesics - Acetaminophen (Tylenol) NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Aleve) Non-opioid analgesic uses - 1. Mild to moderate pain associated with inflammation 2. Fever, inflammation, analgesia Role of Nurse for non-opioid analgesics - -Monitor patient's condition & provide education -Thorough assess for hypersensitivity & bleeding disorders -Thorough assess for gastric ulcers, severe renal/hepatic disease & pregnancy-Obtain lab tests for liver & renal function -Pain assessment -Monitor for side effects Prototype drug for antipyretics - Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Acetaminophen mechanism of action - -Reduces fever by direct action at level of hypothalamus and dilation of peripheral blood vessels -Enables sweating and dissipation of heat -NOT ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENT Non-opioid Analgesics: Acetaminophen - -Used for fever, inflammation & analgesia -mild to moderate pain from inflammation - Therapeutic class (Acetaminophen) - antipyretic, analgesic Pharmacologic class (Acetaminophen) - Centrally acting COX inhibitor Pregnancy Category (Acetaminophen) - Category B Opioids - Natural or synthetic morphine-like substances responsible for reducing moderate to severe pain Onset, Peak, Duration (Acetaminophen) - O: 30-60 min P: 0.5-2h D: 4-6 h In treatment of severe pain, what can be given with Acetaminophen? - OpioidsWhat happens when opioids are combined with Acetaminophen? - Opioid doses are reduced, allowing decrease for opioids dependency and toxicity what form(s) is acetaminophen available? - tablet, caplets, suppository & solutions What drug-drug reaction happens with acetaminophen? - 1. Alcohol can cause hepatotoxicity (liver failure) 2. OTC medications containing acetaminophen (can cause accidental overdose) 3. Warfarin--inhibits metabolism causing anticoagulant accumulation to toxic levels acetaminophen toxicity signs/symptoms - vomitting, nausea, chills, abdominal discomfort, fatal hepatic necrosis Black Box Warning: acetaminophen - angioedema difficulty breathing itching rash fatal liver injury contraindications: acetaminophen - -hypersensitivity to acetaminophen or phenacetin -chronic alcoholism Lab test interactions: acetaminophen - 1. may increase hepatic function test values such as serum bilirubin, AST, and ALT 2. It may increase urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) and serum uric acid Herbal/food interactions: acetaminophen - avoid taking herbs that can cause liver toxicityTreatment of OD: acetaminophen - The specific treatment for overdose is the oral or intravenous (IV) administration of N-acetylcysteine (Acetadote) as soon as possible after the overdose. Acetadote - This drug protects the liver from toxic metabolites of acetaminophen from overdose Prototype drug for Salicylate: - Aspirin (ASA/acetylsalicylic)