PALS Best Rated Exam Questions &
Answers
Conditions that [blank] air resistance lead to increased respiratory [blank]. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Increased
Effort
What are the signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to fatigue & respiratory
failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Nasal flaring
Retractions
Head bobbing
Seesaw respirations
Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the chest rises in [blank]
seconds & multiplying by [blank]. - CORRECT ANSWER-30
2
Tachypnea is often the first sign of respiratory [blank] in infants. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Distress
What do central chemoreceptors respond to? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hydrogen ions in
the cerebrospinal fluid
Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful? - CORRECT ANSWER-It
impedes venous return
It increases intrathoracic pressure
What should you do if you cannot achieve effective ventilation with a bag-mask device?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Reposition the airway
Verify the mask size
,How are effective oxygenation & ventilation assessed? - CORRECT ANSWER-Oxygen
saturation
Exhaled carbon dioxide
Visible chest rise w/ each breath
How can gastric inflation impair bag-mask ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER-It
decreases lung compliance
What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during a
bag-mask ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER-Deliver each breath over about 1 second
Which is true about the difference between hypoxemia & tissue hypoxia? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Tissue hypoxia can occur with normal arterial oxygen saturation
What does hyperventilation, which refers to increased alveolar ventilation, result in? -
CORRECT ANSWER-PaCO2 less than 35 mm Hg
What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child w/ severe anemia? - CORRECT
ANSWER-May increase when dissolved oxygen is increased
Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood? - CORRECT
ANSWER-May be caused by disordered control of breathing
What happens when ventilation is inadequate? - CORRECT ANSWER-PaCO2
increases
What is a critical symptom of hypercarbia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreased level of
consciousness
Which of the following indicates mild respiratory distress? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mild
increase in respiratory effort
,Which of the following indicates severe respiratory distress? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Marked tachypnea &/or apnea
Which of the following statements about respiratory failure is true? - CORRECT
ANSWER-May occur w/o signs of respiratory distress
Which is most likely to be present in a child who has respiratory distress [not respiratory
failure]? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ability to maintain a patent airway
What steps should be taken as part of initial management of a child in respiratory
distress? - CORRECT ANSWER-Support an open airway
Monitor O2 saturation by pulse oximetry
Monitor heart rate, rhythm, & bp
Which are ideal characteristics of face masks for ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Covers mouth & nose
Has a soft rim
Transparent
What is the rationale for using a transparent mask? - CORRECT ANSWER-Allows you
to see the color of the child's lips
What is the function of the nonrebreathing outlet valve of a self-inflating bag? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Prevents rebreathing of carbon dioxide
Which of the following is required to appropriately ventilate a child with a flow-inflating
bag? - CORRECT ANSWER-Tidal volume needs to be delivered at the correct rate
What should be checked to ensure proper function of a bag-mask system? - CORRECT
ANSWER-The pop-off valve can be closed
Oxygen tubing is connected to the device & the oxygen source
, How is sniffing position achieved in an infant or a child? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ensure
that the external ear canal is anterior to the shoulder
Where may padding be required under when properly positioning a child older than 2
years of age to maintain a patent airway? - CORRECT ANSWER-The occiput
What actions are appropriate when providing 1-person bag-mask ventilation? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Perform a head tilt, insert an oral airway, & squeeze the bag until
chest rise
What does the E-C clamp technique include? - CORRECT ANSWER-Using the third,
fourth, & fifth fingers of one hand along the jaw to lift it forward
Using the thumb & index finger of the same hand to hold the face mask
When may a 2-person bag-mask technique be preferable? - CORRECT ANSWER-
When making a seal is difficult
When there is significant airway resistance
When suctioning a patient, which of the following should be monitored? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Clinical appearance
Oxygen saturation
Heart rate
What should you do to help reduce the risk of hypoxemia during suctioning? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Limit suction attempts to 10 seconds or less
Under what circumstance should you use an oropharyngeal airway? - CORRECT
ANSWER-The child must be unconscious
What can happen if the oropharyngeal airway is too large? - CORRECT ANSWER-It
can block the airway
Answers
Conditions that [blank] air resistance lead to increased respiratory [blank]. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Increased
Effort
What are the signs of increased respiratory effort that can lead to fatigue & respiratory
failure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Nasal flaring
Retractions
Head bobbing
Seesaw respirations
Determine the respiratory rate by counting the number of times the chest rises in [blank]
seconds & multiplying by [blank]. - CORRECT ANSWER-30
2
Tachypnea is often the first sign of respiratory [blank] in infants. - CORRECT ANSWER-
Distress
What do central chemoreceptors respond to? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hydrogen ions in
the cerebrospinal fluid
Why may excessive ventilation during CPR be harmful? - CORRECT ANSWER-It
impedes venous return
It increases intrathoracic pressure
What should you do if you cannot achieve effective ventilation with a bag-mask device?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Reposition the airway
Verify the mask size
,How are effective oxygenation & ventilation assessed? - CORRECT ANSWER-Oxygen
saturation
Exhaled carbon dioxide
Visible chest rise w/ each breath
How can gastric inflation impair bag-mask ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER-It
decreases lung compliance
What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during a
bag-mask ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER-Deliver each breath over about 1 second
Which is true about the difference between hypoxemia & tissue hypoxia? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Tissue hypoxia can occur with normal arterial oxygen saturation
What does hyperventilation, which refers to increased alveolar ventilation, result in? -
CORRECT ANSWER-PaCO2 less than 35 mm Hg
What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child w/ severe anemia? - CORRECT
ANSWER-May increase when dissolved oxygen is increased
Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood? - CORRECT
ANSWER-May be caused by disordered control of breathing
What happens when ventilation is inadequate? - CORRECT ANSWER-PaCO2
increases
What is a critical symptom of hypercarbia? - CORRECT ANSWER-Decreased level of
consciousness
Which of the following indicates mild respiratory distress? - CORRECT ANSWER-Mild
increase in respiratory effort
,Which of the following indicates severe respiratory distress? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Marked tachypnea &/or apnea
Which of the following statements about respiratory failure is true? - CORRECT
ANSWER-May occur w/o signs of respiratory distress
Which is most likely to be present in a child who has respiratory distress [not respiratory
failure]? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ability to maintain a patent airway
What steps should be taken as part of initial management of a child in respiratory
distress? - CORRECT ANSWER-Support an open airway
Monitor O2 saturation by pulse oximetry
Monitor heart rate, rhythm, & bp
Which are ideal characteristics of face masks for ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Covers mouth & nose
Has a soft rim
Transparent
What is the rationale for using a transparent mask? - CORRECT ANSWER-Allows you
to see the color of the child's lips
What is the function of the nonrebreathing outlet valve of a self-inflating bag? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Prevents rebreathing of carbon dioxide
Which of the following is required to appropriately ventilate a child with a flow-inflating
bag? - CORRECT ANSWER-Tidal volume needs to be delivered at the correct rate
What should be checked to ensure proper function of a bag-mask system? - CORRECT
ANSWER-The pop-off valve can be closed
Oxygen tubing is connected to the device & the oxygen source
, How is sniffing position achieved in an infant or a child? - CORRECT ANSWER-Ensure
that the external ear canal is anterior to the shoulder
Where may padding be required under when properly positioning a child older than 2
years of age to maintain a patent airway? - CORRECT ANSWER-The occiput
What actions are appropriate when providing 1-person bag-mask ventilation? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Perform a head tilt, insert an oral airway, & squeeze the bag until
chest rise
What does the E-C clamp technique include? - CORRECT ANSWER-Using the third,
fourth, & fifth fingers of one hand along the jaw to lift it forward
Using the thumb & index finger of the same hand to hold the face mask
When may a 2-person bag-mask technique be preferable? - CORRECT ANSWER-
When making a seal is difficult
When there is significant airway resistance
When suctioning a patient, which of the following should be monitored? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Clinical appearance
Oxygen saturation
Heart rate
What should you do to help reduce the risk of hypoxemia during suctioning? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Limit suction attempts to 10 seconds or less
Under what circumstance should you use an oropharyngeal airway? - CORRECT
ANSWER-The child must be unconscious
What can happen if the oropharyngeal airway is too large? - CORRECT ANSWER-It
can block the airway
