2025 VATI Pharmacology New Latest Version Best Studying
Material with All Questions from Actual Past Exam and
Correct Answer
A nurse is caring for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following
outcomes best demonstrates that TPN therapy is effective?
a. The client reports less frequent bowel movements.
b. The client maintains an albumin level of 5.0 g/100mL.
c. The client's urinary output increases by 800 mL per day.
d. The client gains one kilogram per day ---------- Correct Answer ----------- b. The client
maintains an albumin level of 5.0 g/100mL. When clients are on TPN therapy, laboratory values
such as electrolytes, CBC, BUN, and plasma glucose should be monitored closely. All laboratory
values should be within normal range. Normal range for albumin
A nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client who is taking atenolol. Which instructions
should the nurse give to the client to prevent postural hypotension? --------- Correct Answer ------
---- Move slowly when changing from lying to standing
Taking Tenormin at bedtime will help with symptoms of postural hypotension, which is a
common side effect of beta blockers.
A nurse is to administer morphine sulfate 10 mg intramuscular (IM) to an adult client for post-
operative pain. Which injection site is the most appropriate? --------- Correct Answer ----------
Ventrogluteal
This site is a deep site, situated away from the major nerves and blood vessels. This site is
preferred for medications (such as antibiotics) that are larger in volume, more viscous, and
irritating for adults, children, and infants. This site is safe for all clients with large muscle
development.
A client is prescribed linsinopril. Which of the following findings indicates to the nurse that the
client is experiencing an adverse effect of this medication? --------- Correct Answer ----------
Serum potassium 5.8 mEq/L
A client with Type 1 diabetes has the following values from the morning laboratory testing:
fasting plasma glucose = 115 mg/dL and HgA1C = 7.5%. How would a nurse interpret these
values with regard to the client's glucose control?
a. Short term values elevated, long-term values normal
b. Short term values normal, long-term values elevated
c. Short term values elevated, long term values elevated
d. Short term values normal, long term values norm ---------- Correct Answer ----------- b. Short
term values normal, long-term values elevated
Fasting plasma glucose is normal. Normal fasting plasma glucose range for the diabetic client is
90-130 mg/dl. HgA1C level is elevated. HgA1C normal level range is less than 7% with the
,optimal range being 4-6% in the diabetic. HgA1C level indicates the client's glucose range over
the last 120 day period and is considered to be the best indicator of long term glycemic control
A nurse is reviewing the morning laboratory results while preparing to administer a client their
dose of digoxin. Which result would the nurse need to report to the primary care provider?
a. Digoxin level of 0.5 ng/ml
b. Potassium level of 3.4 mEq/l
c. Calcium level of 11mg/dl
d. Sodium level of 133 mEq/l ---------- Correct Answer ----------- b. Potassium level of 3.4 mEq/l
Serum potassium is important to monitor for the client on digoxin. Hypokalemia can lead to
digoxin toxicity while hyperkalemia can lead to a low therapeutic level. The normal range for
potassium is 3.5-5.0 mEq/l.
a nurse is collecting data from a client who is receiving clopidogrel following the placement of a
cardiac stent. which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of
this medication ---------- Correct Answer ----------- black stools
a nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who is postoperative following hip
arthroplasty and is to continue use of enoxaparin at home. which of the following statements by
the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- "i will
need to give myself an injection in my abdomen twice a day"
a nurse is administering morning medications and realizes that nifedipine was administered to
the wrong client. which of the following is the priority nursing action? ---------- Correct Answer -
---------- check the vital signs
A nurse is monitoring client compliance with the diabetes mellitus treatment regimen. Which of
the following values best indicates compliance with the regimen?
a. Blood glucose level of 125 mg/dL
b. Hemoglobin A1c of 5%
c. Fasting blood glucose level of 127 mg/dL
d. Pre-meal glucose of 140 mg/dL ---------- Correct Answer ----------- b. Hemoglobin A1c of 5%
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the best indicator of average blood glucose levels for the
past 120 days. This test assists in evaluating treatment effectiveness and compliance. The target
value is 4-6%. The value given is within the normal range.
A client has an order for an IV of 1000 ml of lactated ringers with 20 mEq of potassium/L to
infuse at 40 ml/hr. The drip factor is 15 drops/ml. The nurse calculates the flow rate to be:
______ gtt/min.
. 9 drops/min
b. 10 drops/min
c. 11 drops/min
d. 12 drops/min ---------- Correct Answer ----------- b. 10 drops/min
, ml/hr X drops/ml 40 ml/hr X 15 drops/ml time in mins 60 mins
A nurse is to administer nitroglycerin to a client for the treatment of angina. Which of the
following should the nurse
first advise the client?
a. A headache may occur.
b. Dizziness may occur.
c. To sit or lie down.
d. To rise slowly ---------- Correct Answer ----------- c. To sit or lie down.
Inform client to sit or lie down. This intervention is priority due to the orthostatic hypotension
effects that can occur with nitroglycerin administration; including dizziness, light-headedness,
and reduced cardiac output. This can cause a drop in blood pressure. Lying with feet elevated
promotes venous return and thereby restores blood pressure. This is a safety concern and action
needs to be taken before medication administration
A clinic nurse is preparing to administer a penicillin IM injection to a client who has never taken
the medication before. Which of the following interventions should be included in the plan of
care?
a. Ask the client if they are allergic to shell fish before administering.
b. Instruct the client to expect a slight rash to develop at the injection site.
c. Inject the client with a small test dose of penicillin subcutaneously.
d. Instruct the client to sit in the clinic for 30 minutes after the injection. ---------- Correct
Answer ----------- d. Instruct the client to sit in the clinic for 30 minutes after the injection.
To ensure prompt treatment if anaphylaxis should develop, clients should remain in the
prescriber's office for at least 30 minutes after drug injection. After 30 minutes, the risk of
anaphylactic reaction is reduced.
A nurse is caring for a client prescribed omeprazole. What information should the nurse provide
to the client regarding administration of this medication?
a. You may crush the medication for easier swallowing.
b. Take the medication at bedtime.
c. Take the medication after a meal twice daily.
d. Take the medication in the morning before breakfast. ---------- Correct Answer ----------- d.
Take the medication in the morning before breakfast.
Clients should take omeprazole once a day prior to eating in the morning.
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of rheumatoid arthritis who is receiving methotrexate.
Which of the following should be included in client education?
a. Daily monitoring of blood glucose is recommended
b. The complete blood count (CBC) will be monitored.
c. Methotrexate can be administered during pregnancy
d. Methotrexate will decrease the risk of developing cancer. ---------- Correct Answer -----------
Material with All Questions from Actual Past Exam and
Correct Answer
A nurse is caring for a client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following
outcomes best demonstrates that TPN therapy is effective?
a. The client reports less frequent bowel movements.
b. The client maintains an albumin level of 5.0 g/100mL.
c. The client's urinary output increases by 800 mL per day.
d. The client gains one kilogram per day ---------- Correct Answer ----------- b. The client
maintains an albumin level of 5.0 g/100mL. When clients are on TPN therapy, laboratory values
such as electrolytes, CBC, BUN, and plasma glucose should be monitored closely. All laboratory
values should be within normal range. Normal range for albumin
A nurse is providing discharge instructions for a client who is taking atenolol. Which instructions
should the nurse give to the client to prevent postural hypotension? --------- Correct Answer ------
---- Move slowly when changing from lying to standing
Taking Tenormin at bedtime will help with symptoms of postural hypotension, which is a
common side effect of beta blockers.
A nurse is to administer morphine sulfate 10 mg intramuscular (IM) to an adult client for post-
operative pain. Which injection site is the most appropriate? --------- Correct Answer ----------
Ventrogluteal
This site is a deep site, situated away from the major nerves and blood vessels. This site is
preferred for medications (such as antibiotics) that are larger in volume, more viscous, and
irritating for adults, children, and infants. This site is safe for all clients with large muscle
development.
A client is prescribed linsinopril. Which of the following findings indicates to the nurse that the
client is experiencing an adverse effect of this medication? --------- Correct Answer ----------
Serum potassium 5.8 mEq/L
A client with Type 1 diabetes has the following values from the morning laboratory testing:
fasting plasma glucose = 115 mg/dL and HgA1C = 7.5%. How would a nurse interpret these
values with regard to the client's glucose control?
a. Short term values elevated, long-term values normal
b. Short term values normal, long-term values elevated
c. Short term values elevated, long term values elevated
d. Short term values normal, long term values norm ---------- Correct Answer ----------- b. Short
term values normal, long-term values elevated
Fasting plasma glucose is normal. Normal fasting plasma glucose range for the diabetic client is
90-130 mg/dl. HgA1C level is elevated. HgA1C normal level range is less than 7% with the
,optimal range being 4-6% in the diabetic. HgA1C level indicates the client's glucose range over
the last 120 day period and is considered to be the best indicator of long term glycemic control
A nurse is reviewing the morning laboratory results while preparing to administer a client their
dose of digoxin. Which result would the nurse need to report to the primary care provider?
a. Digoxin level of 0.5 ng/ml
b. Potassium level of 3.4 mEq/l
c. Calcium level of 11mg/dl
d. Sodium level of 133 mEq/l ---------- Correct Answer ----------- b. Potassium level of 3.4 mEq/l
Serum potassium is important to monitor for the client on digoxin. Hypokalemia can lead to
digoxin toxicity while hyperkalemia can lead to a low therapeutic level. The normal range for
potassium is 3.5-5.0 mEq/l.
a nurse is collecting data from a client who is receiving clopidogrel following the placement of a
cardiac stent. which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of
this medication ---------- Correct Answer ----------- black stools
a nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who is postoperative following hip
arthroplasty and is to continue use of enoxaparin at home. which of the following statements by
the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? ---------- Correct Answer ----------- "i will
need to give myself an injection in my abdomen twice a day"
a nurse is administering morning medications and realizes that nifedipine was administered to
the wrong client. which of the following is the priority nursing action? ---------- Correct Answer -
---------- check the vital signs
A nurse is monitoring client compliance with the diabetes mellitus treatment regimen. Which of
the following values best indicates compliance with the regimen?
a. Blood glucose level of 125 mg/dL
b. Hemoglobin A1c of 5%
c. Fasting blood glucose level of 127 mg/dL
d. Pre-meal glucose of 140 mg/dL ---------- Correct Answer ----------- b. Hemoglobin A1c of 5%
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is the best indicator of average blood glucose levels for the
past 120 days. This test assists in evaluating treatment effectiveness and compliance. The target
value is 4-6%. The value given is within the normal range.
A client has an order for an IV of 1000 ml of lactated ringers with 20 mEq of potassium/L to
infuse at 40 ml/hr. The drip factor is 15 drops/ml. The nurse calculates the flow rate to be:
______ gtt/min.
. 9 drops/min
b. 10 drops/min
c. 11 drops/min
d. 12 drops/min ---------- Correct Answer ----------- b. 10 drops/min
, ml/hr X drops/ml 40 ml/hr X 15 drops/ml time in mins 60 mins
A nurse is to administer nitroglycerin to a client for the treatment of angina. Which of the
following should the nurse
first advise the client?
a. A headache may occur.
b. Dizziness may occur.
c. To sit or lie down.
d. To rise slowly ---------- Correct Answer ----------- c. To sit or lie down.
Inform client to sit or lie down. This intervention is priority due to the orthostatic hypotension
effects that can occur with nitroglycerin administration; including dizziness, light-headedness,
and reduced cardiac output. This can cause a drop in blood pressure. Lying with feet elevated
promotes venous return and thereby restores blood pressure. This is a safety concern and action
needs to be taken before medication administration
A clinic nurse is preparing to administer a penicillin IM injection to a client who has never taken
the medication before. Which of the following interventions should be included in the plan of
care?
a. Ask the client if they are allergic to shell fish before administering.
b. Instruct the client to expect a slight rash to develop at the injection site.
c. Inject the client with a small test dose of penicillin subcutaneously.
d. Instruct the client to sit in the clinic for 30 minutes after the injection. ---------- Correct
Answer ----------- d. Instruct the client to sit in the clinic for 30 minutes after the injection.
To ensure prompt treatment if anaphylaxis should develop, clients should remain in the
prescriber's office for at least 30 minutes after drug injection. After 30 minutes, the risk of
anaphylactic reaction is reduced.
A nurse is caring for a client prescribed omeprazole. What information should the nurse provide
to the client regarding administration of this medication?
a. You may crush the medication for easier swallowing.
b. Take the medication at bedtime.
c. Take the medication after a meal twice daily.
d. Take the medication in the morning before breakfast. ---------- Correct Answer ----------- d.
Take the medication in the morning before breakfast.
Clients should take omeprazole once a day prior to eating in the morning.
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of rheumatoid arthritis who is receiving methotrexate.
Which of the following should be included in client education?
a. Daily monitoring of blood glucose is recommended
b. The complete blood count (CBC) will be monitored.
c. Methotrexate can be administered during pregnancy
d. Methotrexate will decrease the risk of developing cancer. ---------- Correct Answer -----------
