Praxis 5435 Exam with Complete Solutions
Active Transport Correct answer-mechanisms include exocytosis and endocytosis.
Involves transferring substances from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher
concentrations through the use of energy in the form of ATP.
Endocytosis Correct answer-the ingestion of large particles into a cell, can be categorized
as phagocytosis (ingestion of a particle), pinocytosis (ingestion of a liquid), or receptor
mediated.
exocytosis Correct answer-a vacuole containing the substance to be expelled attaches to
the cell membrane and expels the substance
passive transport mechanism Correct answer-include simple and facilitated diffusion and
osmosis and do not require energy from the cell.
Diffusion Correct answer-when particles are transported from areas of higher
concentrations to areas of lower concentrations. when equilibrium is reached, diffusion stops.
facilitated diffusion Correct answer-when specific molecules are transported by a specific
carrrier. carrier proteins vary in terms of size, shape, and charge.
mitosis Correct answer-when cells replicate, the daughter cell is an exact replica of the
parent cell
, Praxis 5435 Exam with Complete Solutions
meiosis Correct answer-when cells divide, the daughter cells have different genetic
coding than the parent cells. This can only happen in specialized reproductive cells called
gametes.
Water molecules are important for: Correct answer-It is a strong solvent for ionic
compounds such as salt.
It acts as a transport medium for polar solutes.
Metabolic reactions happen in solutions that contain water.
It can act as a temperature buffer for enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
It is used in photosynthesis.
It is used or formed in oxidation and reduction reactions.
cell division Correct answer-is performed in organisms so they can grow and replace cells
that are old, worn out, or damaged.
chromatids Correct answer-during cell division, the DNA is replication, and these are the
two identical replicated pieces of chromosome that are joined at the centromere to form an "x"
Gametes Correct answer-these are cells used by organisms to reproduce sexually. In
humans, they are haploid, meaning they contain only half of the organism's genetic information
(23 chromosomes).
haploid Correct answer-means there is one set of chromosomes
, Praxis 5435 Exam with Complete Solutions
diploid Correct answer-there are two sets of chromosomes (one set from each parent).
Homeostasis Correct answer-describes the ability and tendency of an organism, cell, or
body to adjust to environmental changes to maintain equilibrium
gene expression Correct answer-this refers to the use of information in a gene to make a
protein or nucleic acid product. examples of nucleic acid products are tRNA and rRNA.
transcription Correct answer-this refers to the synthesis or RNA from DNA
translation Correct answer-Synthesizing a protein from an mRNA strand
cellular differentiation Correct answer-This is the process by which a cell changes to a
new cell type
interphase Correct answer-the cell prepares for division by replicating its genetic and
cytoplasmic material. can be further divided into g1, s, and g2
prophase Correct answer-chromatin thickens into chromosomes and the nuclear
membrane begins to disintegrate. pairs of centrioles move to opposite side of the cell and
spindle fibers begin to form. mitotic spindle, formed from cytoskeleton parts, moves
chromosomes around within the cell.
, Praxis 5435 Exam with Complete Solutions
metaphase Correct answer-the spindle moves to the center of the cell and chromosome
pairs align along the center of the spindle structure.
anaphase Correct answer-the pairs of chromosomes, called sisters, begin to pull apart,
and may bend. When hey are separated, they are called daughter chromosomes. Grooves
appear in the cell membrane.
telophase Correct answer-the spindle disintegrates, the nuclear membranes reform, and
the chromosomes revert to chromatin. in animals, the membrane is pinched. in plants, a new
cell wall begins to form.
cytokinesis Correct answer-this is the physical splitting of the cell into two cells. it begins
during anaphase as the cell begins to furrow and is completed following telophase.
Enzymes can be divided into six classes Correct answer-oxidoreductase, transferase,
hydrolase, lyase, isomerase, and ligase
oxidoreducase enzymes Correct answer-catalyze oxidation reduction (redox) reactions
during which hydrogen and oxygen are gained or lost
transferase enzymes Correct answer-catalyze the transfer of functional groups such as
the amino or phosphate group.
Active Transport Correct answer-mechanisms include exocytosis and endocytosis.
Involves transferring substances from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher
concentrations through the use of energy in the form of ATP.
Endocytosis Correct answer-the ingestion of large particles into a cell, can be categorized
as phagocytosis (ingestion of a particle), pinocytosis (ingestion of a liquid), or receptor
mediated.
exocytosis Correct answer-a vacuole containing the substance to be expelled attaches to
the cell membrane and expels the substance
passive transport mechanism Correct answer-include simple and facilitated diffusion and
osmosis and do not require energy from the cell.
Diffusion Correct answer-when particles are transported from areas of higher
concentrations to areas of lower concentrations. when equilibrium is reached, diffusion stops.
facilitated diffusion Correct answer-when specific molecules are transported by a specific
carrrier. carrier proteins vary in terms of size, shape, and charge.
mitosis Correct answer-when cells replicate, the daughter cell is an exact replica of the
parent cell
, Praxis 5435 Exam with Complete Solutions
meiosis Correct answer-when cells divide, the daughter cells have different genetic
coding than the parent cells. This can only happen in specialized reproductive cells called
gametes.
Water molecules are important for: Correct answer-It is a strong solvent for ionic
compounds such as salt.
It acts as a transport medium for polar solutes.
Metabolic reactions happen in solutions that contain water.
It can act as a temperature buffer for enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
It is used in photosynthesis.
It is used or formed in oxidation and reduction reactions.
cell division Correct answer-is performed in organisms so they can grow and replace cells
that are old, worn out, or damaged.
chromatids Correct answer-during cell division, the DNA is replication, and these are the
two identical replicated pieces of chromosome that are joined at the centromere to form an "x"
Gametes Correct answer-these are cells used by organisms to reproduce sexually. In
humans, they are haploid, meaning they contain only half of the organism's genetic information
(23 chromosomes).
haploid Correct answer-means there is one set of chromosomes
, Praxis 5435 Exam with Complete Solutions
diploid Correct answer-there are two sets of chromosomes (one set from each parent).
Homeostasis Correct answer-describes the ability and tendency of an organism, cell, or
body to adjust to environmental changes to maintain equilibrium
gene expression Correct answer-this refers to the use of information in a gene to make a
protein or nucleic acid product. examples of nucleic acid products are tRNA and rRNA.
transcription Correct answer-this refers to the synthesis or RNA from DNA
translation Correct answer-Synthesizing a protein from an mRNA strand
cellular differentiation Correct answer-This is the process by which a cell changes to a
new cell type
interphase Correct answer-the cell prepares for division by replicating its genetic and
cytoplasmic material. can be further divided into g1, s, and g2
prophase Correct answer-chromatin thickens into chromosomes and the nuclear
membrane begins to disintegrate. pairs of centrioles move to opposite side of the cell and
spindle fibers begin to form. mitotic spindle, formed from cytoskeleton parts, moves
chromosomes around within the cell.
, Praxis 5435 Exam with Complete Solutions
metaphase Correct answer-the spindle moves to the center of the cell and chromosome
pairs align along the center of the spindle structure.
anaphase Correct answer-the pairs of chromosomes, called sisters, begin to pull apart,
and may bend. When hey are separated, they are called daughter chromosomes. Grooves
appear in the cell membrane.
telophase Correct answer-the spindle disintegrates, the nuclear membranes reform, and
the chromosomes revert to chromatin. in animals, the membrane is pinched. in plants, a new
cell wall begins to form.
cytokinesis Correct answer-this is the physical splitting of the cell into two cells. it begins
during anaphase as the cell begins to furrow and is completed following telophase.
Enzymes can be divided into six classes Correct answer-oxidoreductase, transferase,
hydrolase, lyase, isomerase, and ligase
oxidoreducase enzymes Correct answer-catalyze oxidation reduction (redox) reactions
during which hydrogen and oxygen are gained or lost
transferase enzymes Correct answer-catalyze the transfer of functional groups such as
the amino or phosphate group.
