BIO 322 Applied Pathophysiology Questions And Answers

hypoxemia ~ low oxygen in the blood hypoxemic hypoxia ~ most common type of hypoxia, occurs when PaO2 drops below 80mmHg (such as due to altitude or disease impairing lung function) ischemic hypoxia ~ impaired tissue perfusion due to a cardiac or vascular disorder anemic hypoxia ~ oxygen carrying capacity of blood is reduced histoxic hypoxemia ~ tissues are unable to use the oxygen due to poisoning, such in the case of cyanide which prevents mitochondrial enzymes from synthesizing ATP using oxygen dyoxia ~ imbalance between oxygen supply and demand causes of decreased oxygen supply ~ peumonia, pulmonary edema, asthma, drowning, heart failure, anemia causes of increased oxygen demand ~ pregnancy, wound healing, exercise oxidative stress ~ an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as free radicals and the ability of the body to counteract their harmful effects through neutralization via antioxidants carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning ~ -CO binds to hemoglobin significantly reducing the O2 carrying capacity of blood -acute CO poisoning sx: nausea, vomiting, weakness, throbbing headache -severe CO poisoning sx: dyspnea, confusion, cardiac dysrhythmias, coma lead poisoning ~ -absorbed through inhalation or ingestion -sx: seizures, delirium, vomiting, coma, issues with cognition and attention span -can cause renal kidney injury how can acidosis affect the heart? ~ decreased contractility