2024 PATHO CHAMBERLAIN
NR507 MIDTERM EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is true? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Symptoms include hematuria.
Which factors determine the severity of obstructive uropathy? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Blockage location
Duration of the blockage
Cause of the lesion
Degree of completeness of blockage
Which factors contribute to bacterial virulence within the urinary tract? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Fimbriae expression
Sidophore production
Biofilm formation
What term is used to identify the deposition of an excessive amount of
extracellular matrix? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Mutations in the encoding of histones modifying proteins have been shown
to influence the development of what congenial condition - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Heart disease
Signals to change or modify epigenetic tags are ... from where? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Signals come from inside the cell, from neighboring cells or the
environment
Which condition is associated with uncontrolled or premature contractions of
the detrusor muscle? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Spinal cord injury
Which condition is a risk factor for postobstructive diuresis? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Hypertension
A person reporting abdominal and back pain has been found to have bacteria
in the urine. What term is used to identify this type of upper urinary tract
involvement? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pyelonephritis
,Which condition is a cause of an upper urinary tract obstruction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Kidney stone
What type of urinary calculus is made up of magnesium, ammonium, and
phosphate? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Struvite
Which bacteria is the most common cause of urinary tract infections? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Escherichia coli
Which disease does an individual with hematuria, mild proteinuria,
abdominal pain, and skin lesions represent? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Henoch-
Schönlein purpura
Which term correctly identifies a urethral opening on the dorsal surface of
the penis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Epispadias
Which statement is true regarding acute poststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The exact mechanism of immune
complex formation is unknown. but signs of inflammation and glomerular
injury are present. Vascular permeability is increased.
Which medical term is used to describe the abnormal differentiation of renal
tissues? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Renal dysplasia
What renal manifestation is associated with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak"
nose, low-set ears, and receding chin? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Potter
syndrome
Which condition is not a complication of the horseshoe kidney? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Hypospadias
Housekeeping genes are vital to the function and maintenance of all the
body's cells. What characteristic is associated with these genes? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-D. They are transcriptionally active.
During which stage of human development does the role of epigenetics have
the greatest impact on the development of epigenetic abnormalities -
CORRECT ANSWERS-A. In utero
The difference between DNA sequence mutations and epigenetic
modifications is? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Epigenetic modifications are
REVERSIBLE
Explain the characteristics of totipotent stem cells and the sources of it -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Totipotent cells are cells that can mature into any type
, of body cell in an organism including the cells that make up the placenta in
mammals. Totipotent cells are only present in mammals in the first few cell
divisions of an embryo.
Give 2 examples of totipotent cells - CORRECT ANSWERS-A zygote
Cells in the early embyro up to 5 days
What is a Totipotent cell? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Totipotent cells are cells that
can differentiate into any type of body cell and extra embryonic tissue
What are the characteristics of Prader-Willi syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
1. Chronic feeling of hunger (severe, even life-threatening obesity)
2. Low muscle tone
3. Short
4. Poor sex characteristic development
5. Behavioral problems
6. Poor cognitive development
Angelman syndrome is sometimes called "happy puppet syndrome." What
are the signs of this disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Severe mental
retardation
2. No speech
3. Abnormal gait
4. Wide stance
5. Arms held out kinda weird
What is the most common genetic cause of Prader-Willi syndrome? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-A deletion of a segment of PATERNAL chromosome 15q.
The maternal counterpart is methylated via genomic imprinting.
What is the most common genetic cause of Angelman syndrome? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-A deletion of a segment of MATERNAL chromosome 15q. The
paternal counterpart is methylated via genomic imprinting.
A child with Prader-Willi syndrome has been hospitalized. Which assessment
findings does the nurse expect with this syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by insatiable hunger that can lead to
morbid obesity in childhood. Abnormal, puppetlike gait, paroxysms of
inappropriate laughter, and nonverbal are characteristics seen in Angelman
syndrome.
The nurse is examining an 8-year-old boy with chromosomal abnormalities.
Which sign or symptom suggests the boy has Angelman syndrome? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Observation shows jerky ataxic movement
NR507 MIDTERM EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is true? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Symptoms include hematuria.
Which factors determine the severity of obstructive uropathy? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Blockage location
Duration of the blockage
Cause of the lesion
Degree of completeness of blockage
Which factors contribute to bacterial virulence within the urinary tract? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Fimbriae expression
Sidophore production
Biofilm formation
What term is used to identify the deposition of an excessive amount of
extracellular matrix? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Mutations in the encoding of histones modifying proteins have been shown
to influence the development of what congenial condition - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Heart disease
Signals to change or modify epigenetic tags are ... from where? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Signals come from inside the cell, from neighboring cells or the
environment
Which condition is associated with uncontrolled or premature contractions of
the detrusor muscle? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Spinal cord injury
Which condition is a risk factor for postobstructive diuresis? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Hypertension
A person reporting abdominal and back pain has been found to have bacteria
in the urine. What term is used to identify this type of upper urinary tract
involvement? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Pyelonephritis
,Which condition is a cause of an upper urinary tract obstruction? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Kidney stone
What type of urinary calculus is made up of magnesium, ammonium, and
phosphate? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Struvite
Which bacteria is the most common cause of urinary tract infections? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Escherichia coli
Which disease does an individual with hematuria, mild proteinuria,
abdominal pain, and skin lesions represent? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Henoch-
Schönlein purpura
Which term correctly identifies a urethral opening on the dorsal surface of
the penis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Epispadias
Which statement is true regarding acute poststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-The exact mechanism of immune
complex formation is unknown. but signs of inflammation and glomerular
injury are present. Vascular permeability is increased.
Which medical term is used to describe the abnormal differentiation of renal
tissues? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Renal dysplasia
What renal manifestation is associated with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak"
nose, low-set ears, and receding chin? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Potter
syndrome
Which condition is not a complication of the horseshoe kidney? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-Hypospadias
Housekeeping genes are vital to the function and maintenance of all the
body's cells. What characteristic is associated with these genes? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-D. They are transcriptionally active.
During which stage of human development does the role of epigenetics have
the greatest impact on the development of epigenetic abnormalities -
CORRECT ANSWERS-A. In utero
The difference between DNA sequence mutations and epigenetic
modifications is? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Epigenetic modifications are
REVERSIBLE
Explain the characteristics of totipotent stem cells and the sources of it -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Totipotent cells are cells that can mature into any type
, of body cell in an organism including the cells that make up the placenta in
mammals. Totipotent cells are only present in mammals in the first few cell
divisions of an embryo.
Give 2 examples of totipotent cells - CORRECT ANSWERS-A zygote
Cells in the early embyro up to 5 days
What is a Totipotent cell? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Totipotent cells are cells that
can differentiate into any type of body cell and extra embryonic tissue
What are the characteristics of Prader-Willi syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
1. Chronic feeling of hunger (severe, even life-threatening obesity)
2. Low muscle tone
3. Short
4. Poor sex characteristic development
5. Behavioral problems
6. Poor cognitive development
Angelman syndrome is sometimes called "happy puppet syndrome." What
are the signs of this disorder? - CORRECT ANSWERS-1. Severe mental
retardation
2. No speech
3. Abnormal gait
4. Wide stance
5. Arms held out kinda weird
What is the most common genetic cause of Prader-Willi syndrome? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-A deletion of a segment of PATERNAL chromosome 15q.
The maternal counterpart is methylated via genomic imprinting.
What is the most common genetic cause of Angelman syndrome? - CORRECT
ANSWERS-A deletion of a segment of MATERNAL chromosome 15q. The
paternal counterpart is methylated via genomic imprinting.
A child with Prader-Willi syndrome has been hospitalized. Which assessment
findings does the nurse expect with this syndrome? - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Prader-Willi syndrome is characterized by insatiable hunger that can lead to
morbid obesity in childhood. Abnormal, puppetlike gait, paroxysms of
inappropriate laughter, and nonverbal are characteristics seen in Angelman
syndrome.
The nurse is examining an 8-year-old boy with chromosomal abnormalities.
Which sign or symptom suggests the boy has Angelman syndrome? -
CORRECT ANSWERS-Observation shows jerky ataxic movement
