Military History OCS 004-21 L2 Questions and
Answers(SCORED A+)
COIN - ANSWER-counter insurgency, British
Insurgency - ANSWER-Patriots
Guerilla Warfare - ANSWER-assassinations, robberies, raids, unconventional warfare
Hybrid War - ANSWER-mixture of guerilla and conventional fighting styles, used by
patriots/militias
1780 Battle of Kings Mountain (terrain, impact) - ANSWER-Backwoods (in woods)
battle. Insurgents won. Tories were crushed and this led to lack of support of Tories with
the British since the British commander got them killed. Cornwallis lost and cancelled
his North Carolina operation. Bas used of maneuver/terrain. (Happened before Tarleton
raids) Patriot militia vs. Tories and British commander.
Battle of Cowpens - ANSWER-- double envelopment, Morgan used terrain to conceal
his troops and used proper timing to retreat and envelop the enemy. Used simplicity
(told every troop what needed to do and made sure they understood their role).
Destroyed Tarleton (British) because he was way too aggressive. Morgan wins easily.
Guilford Courthouse Campaign and Battle - ANSWER-- Green (insurgents) vs.
Cornwallis. Green used terrain and messed up Cornwallis's big conventional army
movements by ambushing them outside wood lines repeatedly. British won since Green
retreated (tactical win) but strategically and operationally the insurgents won since
British had to abandon campaign in south and retreat. Cornwallis tried penetration
attacks. Green retreated in good order.
British
• Strategically
o Cornwallis has to leave deep south
• Operationally
o Cornwallis has to abandon campaign
• Tactically
o Wins because the Patriots retreated.
1781 Yorktown Campaign (deception, Army-Navy ops) - - ANSWER-Washington
deceived Clinton outside NYC and left a small force while he moved his whole army to
Virginia (York town). This was an example of economy of force. Washington fed wrong
information to the Brits to convince them that they were attacking NYC.
, French fleet moved to Chesapeake Bay to cut off Cornwallis and the Brits 'LOC'
creating an interdiction. Battle of Virginia Capes. British lose battle of Yorktown and this
is the last offensive op by British in US. Cornwallis surrenders and so does his army.
Joint ops / multi-domain effort
US Naval Effort (Jones) - ANSWER-US navy was too weak to do any real damage.
'Guerre de course' or commerce was when ships would attack commercial and shipping
vessel from Europe. Jones didn't surrender his ship and proceeded to capture a British
ship. Like pirates. Mostly privateers on the US side. Jon Paul Jones great example of
leadership.
Newburg Affair - ANSWER-Washington dissuaded some of his officers from going to
congress about pay issues. Established how civilian and military relationships would
act. He said it would go against everything they fought for. Civilian over military. Short-
term leadership challenge.
US Constitution's Military Clauses - - ANSWER-• Framework for how the government
will work
• 7 articles and 27 amendments
• Article 1 - congress can declare war formally and raise an army/impose taxes and
make laws. Money for military will only be for 2 years and they make rules and
regulations for land and naval forces.
o Congressional Powers - organize, arm, and discipline (congress does) the militia.
Federal government will create policy for state armies.
o State powers - appointing officers of the armies and conduct training of the militia
• Article 2 - gives president the role of commander in chief of army and navy. Gave him
war making powers. Can commit troops to battles without congressional approval.
Authority of regular army and militia (only when called to active duty). When militia is not
active, their governors are in charge.
War of 1812 US Navy Oceanic Ops - ANSWER-US navy is extremely small, only 20
vessels, 6 mid-sized frigates, USS constitution and USS United States had victories,
focused on commerce (pirating British ships) not much impact at all.
1813 Battle of Lake Erie - ANSWER-naval win against British destroys their LOC, allows
patriots to take Detroit. Aim = confirm sovereignty and show power of the US. Oliver
Perry creates a navy to fight. British lost control of Lake Erie. Winning Lake Erie allowed
operations to take place in Canada.
1813 Battle of Thames - ANSWER-patriots win and kill Tecumseh, hurts British/Anglo-
Indian relationship, secures the region for the patriots. Harrison had good timing and
offensive through surprise (when he didn't dismount off horses). Took place in Canada.
After this battle the US left the region.
Answers(SCORED A+)
COIN - ANSWER-counter insurgency, British
Insurgency - ANSWER-Patriots
Guerilla Warfare - ANSWER-assassinations, robberies, raids, unconventional warfare
Hybrid War - ANSWER-mixture of guerilla and conventional fighting styles, used by
patriots/militias
1780 Battle of Kings Mountain (terrain, impact) - ANSWER-Backwoods (in woods)
battle. Insurgents won. Tories were crushed and this led to lack of support of Tories with
the British since the British commander got them killed. Cornwallis lost and cancelled
his North Carolina operation. Bas used of maneuver/terrain. (Happened before Tarleton
raids) Patriot militia vs. Tories and British commander.
Battle of Cowpens - ANSWER-- double envelopment, Morgan used terrain to conceal
his troops and used proper timing to retreat and envelop the enemy. Used simplicity
(told every troop what needed to do and made sure they understood their role).
Destroyed Tarleton (British) because he was way too aggressive. Morgan wins easily.
Guilford Courthouse Campaign and Battle - ANSWER-- Green (insurgents) vs.
Cornwallis. Green used terrain and messed up Cornwallis's big conventional army
movements by ambushing them outside wood lines repeatedly. British won since Green
retreated (tactical win) but strategically and operationally the insurgents won since
British had to abandon campaign in south and retreat. Cornwallis tried penetration
attacks. Green retreated in good order.
British
• Strategically
o Cornwallis has to leave deep south
• Operationally
o Cornwallis has to abandon campaign
• Tactically
o Wins because the Patriots retreated.
1781 Yorktown Campaign (deception, Army-Navy ops) - - ANSWER-Washington
deceived Clinton outside NYC and left a small force while he moved his whole army to
Virginia (York town). This was an example of economy of force. Washington fed wrong
information to the Brits to convince them that they were attacking NYC.
, French fleet moved to Chesapeake Bay to cut off Cornwallis and the Brits 'LOC'
creating an interdiction. Battle of Virginia Capes. British lose battle of Yorktown and this
is the last offensive op by British in US. Cornwallis surrenders and so does his army.
Joint ops / multi-domain effort
US Naval Effort (Jones) - ANSWER-US navy was too weak to do any real damage.
'Guerre de course' or commerce was when ships would attack commercial and shipping
vessel from Europe. Jones didn't surrender his ship and proceeded to capture a British
ship. Like pirates. Mostly privateers on the US side. Jon Paul Jones great example of
leadership.
Newburg Affair - ANSWER-Washington dissuaded some of his officers from going to
congress about pay issues. Established how civilian and military relationships would
act. He said it would go against everything they fought for. Civilian over military. Short-
term leadership challenge.
US Constitution's Military Clauses - - ANSWER-• Framework for how the government
will work
• 7 articles and 27 amendments
• Article 1 - congress can declare war formally and raise an army/impose taxes and
make laws. Money for military will only be for 2 years and they make rules and
regulations for land and naval forces.
o Congressional Powers - organize, arm, and discipline (congress does) the militia.
Federal government will create policy for state armies.
o State powers - appointing officers of the armies and conduct training of the militia
• Article 2 - gives president the role of commander in chief of army and navy. Gave him
war making powers. Can commit troops to battles without congressional approval.
Authority of regular army and militia (only when called to active duty). When militia is not
active, their governors are in charge.
War of 1812 US Navy Oceanic Ops - ANSWER-US navy is extremely small, only 20
vessels, 6 mid-sized frigates, USS constitution and USS United States had victories,
focused on commerce (pirating British ships) not much impact at all.
1813 Battle of Lake Erie - ANSWER-naval win against British destroys their LOC, allows
patriots to take Detroit. Aim = confirm sovereignty and show power of the US. Oliver
Perry creates a navy to fight. British lost control of Lake Erie. Winning Lake Erie allowed
operations to take place in Canada.
1813 Battle of Thames - ANSWER-patriots win and kill Tecumseh, hurts British/Anglo-
Indian relationship, secures the region for the patriots. Harrison had good timing and
offensive through surprise (when he didn't dismount off horses). Took place in Canada.
After this battle the US left the region.
