bio 201 exam 5 review test with 100- correct answers.

Ecology The distribution of organisms and their abundance Ecological levels of research global, landscape, ecosystem, community, population, organismal ex. global ecology Compare in diff continents. (compare its evolution with parasites) ex. ecosystem ecology Compare hemoglobins in different latitudes. (compare O2 carrying capacity) ex. organismal ecology Compare with other O2 carrying pigments. (compare with crab blood, which is blue) ex. organismal ecology Compare with different diseases. global ecology examines the influence of energy and materials on organisms across the biosphere. landscape ecology focuses on the exchanges of energy, materials, and organisms across multiple ecosystems. landscape or seascape is a mosaic of connected ecosystems. Ecosystem ecology emphasizes energy flow and chemical cycling among the various biotic and abiotic components ecosystem is the community of organisms in an area and the physical factors with which they interact community a group of populations of different species in an area Community ecology deals with the whole array of interacting species in a community population is a group of individuals of the same species living in an area Population ecology focuses on factors affecting population size over time Organismal ecology studies how an organism's structure, physiology, and (for animals) behavior meet environmental challenges Organismal ecology includes physiological, evolutionary, and behavioral ecology Four major abiotic components of climate temperature, precipitation, sunlight, wind The long-term prevailing weather conditions in an area constitute its climate Macroclimate consists of patterns on the global, regional, and landscape level Microclimate consists of very fine patterns, such as those encountered by birds facing the wind or sun Global climate patterns are determined largely by solar energy and the planet's movement in space Seasonality at high latitudes caused by the tilt of Earth's axis of rotation and its annual passage around the sun Oceans, their currents, and large lakes moderate the climate of nearby terrestrial environments Water holds its temperature more stable than land does biological and environmental traits of a region constitute a biome Biome type is largely determined by climatic conditions Temperature and Precipitation Biomes major life zones characterized by vegetation type (terrestrial biomes) or physical environment (aquatic biomes) Dry, descending air masses create arid climates, especially near 30° north and south tropical forest biome Wet and dry seasons, always warm, 200-400 cm rain annually, High species diversity, Low soil fertility, long green strip on climograph human impacts on tropical forest biome logging, Habitat destruction