This art icle was downloaded by: [ Carlos Arregui- Dalm ases]
On: 02 Oct ober 2014, At : 01: 12
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
I nform a Lt d Regist ered in England and Wales Regist ered Num ber: 1072954 Regist ered office: Mort im er House,
37- 41 Mort im er St reet , London W1T 3JH, UK
Traffic Inj ury Prevention
Publicat ion det ails, including inst ruct ions f or aut hors and subscript ion inf ormat ion:
ht t p: / / www. t andf online. com/ loi/ gcpi20
A Review of Pelvic Fractures in Adult Pedestrians:
Experimental Studies Involving PMHS Used to
Determine Inj ury Criteria for Pedestrian Dummies and
Component Test Procedures
ab b a
Carlos Arregui-Dalmases , Jason R. Kerrigan , David Sanchez-Molina , Juan Velazquez-
a b
Ameij ide & Jef f R. Crandall
a
Universit at Polit ècnica de Cat alunya–Barcelona Tech, Barcelona, Spain
b
Universit y of Virginia Cent er f or Applied Biomechanics, Charlot t esville, Virginia
Published online: 26 Sep 2014.
Click for updates
To cite this article: Carlos Arregui-Dalmases, Jason R. Kerrigan, David Sanchez-Molina, Juan Velazquez-Ameij ide &
Jef f R. Crandall (2014): A Review of Pelvic Fract ures in Adult Pedest rians: Experiment al St udies Involving PMHS Used
t o Det ermine Inj ury Crit eria f or Pedest rian Dummies and Component Test Procedures, Traf f ic Inj ury Prevent ion, DOI:
10. 1080/ 15389588. 2014. 898841
To link to this article: ht t p: / / dx. doi. org/ 10. 1080/ 15389588. 2014. 898841
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTI CLE
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www.t andfonline.com / page/ t erm s- and- condit ions
, Traffic Injury Prevention (2014) 00, 1–8
Copyright C Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ISSN: 1538-9588 print / 1538-957X online
DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2014.898841
A Review of Pelvic Fractures in Adult Pedestrians:
Experimental Studies Involving PMHS Used to Determine
Injury Criteria for Pedestrian Dummies and Component
Test Procedures
CARLOS ARREGUI-DALMASES1,2, JASON R. KERRIGAN2, DAVID SANCHEZ-MOLINA1,
JUAN VELAZQUEZ-AMEIJIDE1, and JEFF R. CRANDALL2
1
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya–Barcelona Tech, Barcelona, Spain
2
University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics, Charlottesville, Virginia
Downloaded by [Carlos Arregui-Dalmases] at 01:12 02 October 2014
Received 14 May 2013, Accepted 24 February 2014
Objectives: Perform a systematic review for the most relevant pelvic injury research involving PMHS. The review begins with an
explanation of the pelvic anatomy and a general description of pelvic fracture patterns followed by the particular case of pelvic
fractures sustained in pedestrian-vehicle collisions. Field data documenting the vehicle, crash, and human risk factors for pedestrian
pelvic injuries are assessed.
Method: A summary of full-scale PMHS tests and subsystem lateral pelvic tests is provided with an interpretation of the most
significant findings for the most relevant studies.
Conclusions: Based on the mechanisms of pedestrian pelvic injury, force, acceleration, and velocity and compression have been
assessed as predictive variables by researchers although no consensus criterion exists.
Keywords: pelvis fractures, pedestrian crashes, PMHS
Pelvic Anatomy with the sacrum posteriorly to form the sacroiliac (SI) joint.
The postero-lateral bony pelvis is covered by multiple mus-
The pelvis represents the link between the axial skeleton and cle layers, buttock fat, and skin. The ischium lies inferiorly
the major weight-bearing structures of the lower extremities. and posteriorly. The superior and inferior rami join the pubis,
It is composed of 3 major bones—the ilium, the ischium, and which lies inferiorly and anteriorly. The anterior fusion of the
the pubis—that fuse at the acetabulum and form a socket for right and left pubi forms a cartilaginous joint known as the
the head of the femur (Figure 1). The rounded head of the symphysis pubis (PS).
femur articulates with the acetabulum and is held within the In addition to the bony framework, the pelvic region houses
socket by ligaments. Laterally, the proximal femur exhibits a several large vascular structures. The iliac arteries provide
large bony prominence, the greater trochanter, for the attach- most of the blood supply to the pelvic wall and viscera. The
ment of muscles. The ilium is situated superiorly and forms lumbar and sacral arteries also lie in the pelvic cavity, as do
the broad upper lateral portion of the hip bone and the up- the pelvic veins, which, for the most part, correspond to the
per portion of the acetabulum. The top of the ilium has a arteries. Other vital structures within the pelvis include the
curved edge commonly referred to as the iliac crest and an an- reproductive organs, sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder, ureters,
terior prominence known as the anterior–superior iliac spine. and urethra. Important nervous system structures that tra-
The right and left ilium form the pelvic girdle and articulate verse the pelvis include the sacral plexus and the femoral,
sciatic, and obturator nerves.
Substantial differences are observed between male and fe-
Managing Editor David Viano oversaw the review of this article male pelves. The female pelvis is smaller, wider, more oval, and
Address correspondence to Carlos Arregui-Dalmases, Uni- tilted farther forward than the corresponding male pelvis. In
versitat Politècnica de Catalunya–Barcelona Tech, Carrer addition, the bones of the male pelvis are thicker and heavier
Compte d’Urgell 187, Barcelona 08036, Spain. E-mail: carlos. than those in the female pelvis. The superior aperture of the
pelvis is larger in the female than in the male; it is more nearly
Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be circular, and its obliquity is greater; the sacrum is shorter and
found online at www.tandfonline.com/gcpi. wider, and its upper part is less curved. The inferior aperture
On: 02 Oct ober 2014, At : 01: 12
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
I nform a Lt d Regist ered in England and Wales Regist ered Num ber: 1072954 Regist ered office: Mort im er House,
37- 41 Mort im er St reet , London W1T 3JH, UK
Traffic Inj ury Prevention
Publicat ion det ails, including inst ruct ions f or aut hors and subscript ion inf ormat ion:
ht t p: / / www. t andf online. com/ loi/ gcpi20
A Review of Pelvic Fractures in Adult Pedestrians:
Experimental Studies Involving PMHS Used to
Determine Inj ury Criteria for Pedestrian Dummies and
Component Test Procedures
ab b a
Carlos Arregui-Dalmases , Jason R. Kerrigan , David Sanchez-Molina , Juan Velazquez-
a b
Ameij ide & Jef f R. Crandall
a
Universit at Polit ècnica de Cat alunya–Barcelona Tech, Barcelona, Spain
b
Universit y of Virginia Cent er f or Applied Biomechanics, Charlot t esville, Virginia
Published online: 26 Sep 2014.
Click for updates
To cite this article: Carlos Arregui-Dalmases, Jason R. Kerrigan, David Sanchez-Molina, Juan Velazquez-Ameij ide &
Jef f R. Crandall (2014): A Review of Pelvic Fract ures in Adult Pedest rians: Experiment al St udies Involving PMHS Used
t o Det ermine Inj ury Crit eria f or Pedest rian Dummies and Component Test Procedures, Traf f ic Inj ury Prevent ion, DOI:
10. 1080/ 15389588. 2014. 898841
To link to this article: ht t p: / / dx. doi. org/ 10. 1080/ 15389588. 2014. 898841
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTI CLE
Taylor & Francis m akes every effort t o ensure t he accuracy of all t he inform at ion ( t he “ Cont ent ” ) cont ained
in t he publicat ions on our plat form . However, Taylor & Francis, our agent s, and our licensors m ake no
represent at ions or warrant ies what soever as t o t he accuracy, com plet eness, or suit abilit y for any purpose of t he
Cont ent . Any opinions and views expressed in t his publicat ion are t he opinions and views of t he aut hors, and
are not t he views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of t he Cont ent should not be relied upon and
should be independent ly verified wit h prim ary sources of inform at ion. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for
any losses, act ions, claim s, proceedings, dem ands, cost s, expenses, dam ages, and ot her liabilit ies what soever
or howsoever caused arising direct ly or indirect ly in connect ion wit h, in relat ion t o or arising out of t he use of
t he Cont ent .
This art icle m ay be used for research, t eaching, and privat e st udy purposes. Any subst ant ial or syst em at ic
reproduct ion, redist ribut ion, reselling, loan, sub- licensing, syst em at ic supply, or dist ribut ion in any
form t o anyone is expressly forbidden. Term s & Condit ions of access and use can be found at ht t p: / /
www.t andfonline.com / page/ t erm s- and- condit ions
, Traffic Injury Prevention (2014) 00, 1–8
Copyright C Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
ISSN: 1538-9588 print / 1538-957X online
DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2014.898841
A Review of Pelvic Fractures in Adult Pedestrians:
Experimental Studies Involving PMHS Used to Determine
Injury Criteria for Pedestrian Dummies and Component
Test Procedures
CARLOS ARREGUI-DALMASES1,2, JASON R. KERRIGAN2, DAVID SANCHEZ-MOLINA1,
JUAN VELAZQUEZ-AMEIJIDE1, and JEFF R. CRANDALL2
1
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya–Barcelona Tech, Barcelona, Spain
2
University of Virginia Center for Applied Biomechanics, Charlottesville, Virginia
Downloaded by [Carlos Arregui-Dalmases] at 01:12 02 October 2014
Received 14 May 2013, Accepted 24 February 2014
Objectives: Perform a systematic review for the most relevant pelvic injury research involving PMHS. The review begins with an
explanation of the pelvic anatomy and a general description of pelvic fracture patterns followed by the particular case of pelvic
fractures sustained in pedestrian-vehicle collisions. Field data documenting the vehicle, crash, and human risk factors for pedestrian
pelvic injuries are assessed.
Method: A summary of full-scale PMHS tests and subsystem lateral pelvic tests is provided with an interpretation of the most
significant findings for the most relevant studies.
Conclusions: Based on the mechanisms of pedestrian pelvic injury, force, acceleration, and velocity and compression have been
assessed as predictive variables by researchers although no consensus criterion exists.
Keywords: pelvis fractures, pedestrian crashes, PMHS
Pelvic Anatomy with the sacrum posteriorly to form the sacroiliac (SI) joint.
The postero-lateral bony pelvis is covered by multiple mus-
The pelvis represents the link between the axial skeleton and cle layers, buttock fat, and skin. The ischium lies inferiorly
the major weight-bearing structures of the lower extremities. and posteriorly. The superior and inferior rami join the pubis,
It is composed of 3 major bones—the ilium, the ischium, and which lies inferiorly and anteriorly. The anterior fusion of the
the pubis—that fuse at the acetabulum and form a socket for right and left pubi forms a cartilaginous joint known as the
the head of the femur (Figure 1). The rounded head of the symphysis pubis (PS).
femur articulates with the acetabulum and is held within the In addition to the bony framework, the pelvic region houses
socket by ligaments. Laterally, the proximal femur exhibits a several large vascular structures. The iliac arteries provide
large bony prominence, the greater trochanter, for the attach- most of the blood supply to the pelvic wall and viscera. The
ment of muscles. The ilium is situated superiorly and forms lumbar and sacral arteries also lie in the pelvic cavity, as do
the broad upper lateral portion of the hip bone and the up- the pelvic veins, which, for the most part, correspond to the
per portion of the acetabulum. The top of the ilium has a arteries. Other vital structures within the pelvis include the
curved edge commonly referred to as the iliac crest and an an- reproductive organs, sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder, ureters,
terior prominence known as the anterior–superior iliac spine. and urethra. Important nervous system structures that tra-
The right and left ilium form the pelvic girdle and articulate verse the pelvis include the sacral plexus and the femoral,
sciatic, and obturator nerves.
Substantial differences are observed between male and fe-
Managing Editor David Viano oversaw the review of this article male pelves. The female pelvis is smaller, wider, more oval, and
Address correspondence to Carlos Arregui-Dalmases, Uni- tilted farther forward than the corresponding male pelvis. In
versitat Politècnica de Catalunya–Barcelona Tech, Carrer addition, the bones of the male pelvis are thicker and heavier
Compte d’Urgell 187, Barcelona 08036, Spain. E-mail: carlos. than those in the female pelvis. The superior aperture of the
pelvis is larger in the female than in the male; it is more nearly
Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be circular, and its obliquity is greater; the sacrum is shorter and
found online at www.tandfonline.com/gcpi. wider, and its upper part is less curved. The inferior aperture
