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EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH CERN-PPE/96-178 8 November 1996 RESULTS FROM A COMBINED TEST OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC LIQUID ARGON CALORIMETER WITH A HADRONIC SCINTILLATING-TILE CALORIMETER

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INTRODUCTION The future ATLAS experiment [1] at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will include in the central (‘barrel’) region a calorimeter system composed of two separate units: a liquid argon (LAr) electromagnetic (EM) calorimeter with hermetic accordion geometry, and a scintillating-tile hadronic calorimeter using iron as the absorber, in which the tiles are placed perpendicular to the colliding beams. This system must be capable of identifying electrons, photons, and jets and of reconstructing their energies and angles in the difficult LHC environment, as well as of measuring missing transverse energy in the event. The barrel calorimeter will cover the ATLAS central region in a pseudorapidity1) range of jj  1.4. In this paper the results of the first test of the electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeter prototypes in a combined setup are presented. The paper is organized as follows: in Section 2 the two calorimeter prototypes are briefly described, and in Section 3 the combined test beam setup and the data selection procedure are presented. The results are discussed in Section 4, with special emphasis on the energy resolution of hadronic showers. Finally Section 5 contains a summary and the conclusions. 2 THE CALORIMETER PROTOTYPES Over the past few years, several prototypes of the two calorimeters went through a series of separate test [2],[3]. In 1994, for the first time, the calorimeters were tested in a combined mode. An azimuthal sector of the ATLAS barrel calorimeter was reproduced by placing the hadronic device downstream of the EM calorimeter. 2.1 The electromagnetic liquid argon calorimeter The electromagnetic LAr calorimeter prototype consists of a stack of three azimuthal modules, each one spanning 9 in azimuth and extending over 2 m along the z direction. The calorimeter structure is defined by 2.2 mm thick steel-plated lead absorbers, folded to an accordion shape and separated by 3.8 mm gaps, filled with liquid argon; the signals are collected by Kapton electrodes located in the gaps. The calorimeter extends from an inner radius of 131.5 cm to an outer radius of 182.6 cm, representing (at  = 0) a total of 25 radiation lengths (X0), or 1.22 interaction lengths () for protons. The calorimeter is longitudinally segmented into three compartments of 9 X0, 9 X0 and 7 X0, respectively. The    segmentation is 0:018  0:02 for the first two longitudinal compartments and 0:036  0:02 for the last compartment. Each read-out cell has full projective geometry in  and in . The calorimeter was located inside a large cylindrical cryostat with 2 m internal diameter, filled with liquid argon. The cryostat is made out of a 8 mm thick inner stainless-steel vessel, isolated by 30 cm of low-density foam (Rohacell), itself protected by a 1.2 mm thick aluminum outer wall. The read-out electrodes are equipped with different types of preamplifiers, hybrid charge-sensitive preamplifiers based on Si JFETs and monolithic GaAs MESFETs, working at LAr temperature, and warm current preamplifiers. Each preamplifier is followed by a shaping amplifier (with a peaking time tp() ' 20 ns), a Track&Hold circuit and a 12-bit ADC. To correct for the different channel gains a ‘voltage driven’ calibration is used. The signal-toenergy conversion factor is obtained using electron beams of different energies. More details about this prototype can be found in Refs. [1, 2]. 1) In the collider reference system, which has been adopted here, the z axis indicates the LHC beam line, the x and y axis the horizontal and the vertical direction, while  and  are the azimuthal and polar angle, respectively. The pseudorapidity is defined as  =

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EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH

CERN-PPE/96-178
8 November 1996

RESULTS FROM A COMBINED TEST OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC LIQUID
ARGON CALORIMETER WITH A HADRONIC SCINTILLATING-TILE
CALORIMETER


ATLAS Collaboration
(Calorimetry and Data Acquisition)

Z. Ajaltouni10 , F. Albiol33 , A. Alifanov19 , P. Amaral14 , G. Ambrosini23; 1) , A. Amorim14 ,
K. Anderson9 , A. Astvatsaturov12 , B. Aubert2 , E. Augé21 , D. Autiero24 , G. Azuelos20 , F. Badaud10 ,
L. Baisin8 , G. Battistoni18 , A. Bazan2 , C. Bee8; 2) , G. Bellettini24 , S. Berglund30 , J.C. Berset8 , C. Blaj7 ,
G. Blanchot5 , E. Blucher9 , A. Bogush19 , C. Bohm30 , V. Boldea7 , O. Borisov12 , M. Bosman5 ,
N. Bouhemaid10 , P. Brette10 , C. Bromberg17 , M. Brossard10 , J. Budagov12 , S. Buono8 , L. Caloba28 ,
D.V. Camin18 , B. Canton22 , P. Casado5 , D. Cavalli18 , M. Cavalli-Sforza5 , V. Cavasinni24 ,
R. Chadelas10 , R. Chase21 , A. Chekhtman16 , J.-C. Chevaleyre10 , J.L. Chevalley8 , I. Chirikov-Zorin12 ,
G. Chlachidze12 , J.C. Chollet21 , M. Cobal8 , F. Cogswell32 , J. Colas2 , J. Collot13 , S. Cologna24 ,
S. Constantinescu7 , G. Costa18 , D. Costanzo24 , L. Cozzi18 , M. Crouau10 , P. Dargent16 , F. Daudon10 ,
M. David14 , T. Davidek25 , J. Dawson3 , K. De4 , C. de la Taille21 , T. Del Prete24 , P. Depommier20 , P. de
Saintignon13 , A. De Santo24 , B. Dinkespiller16 , B. Di Girolamo24 , S. Dita7 , J. Dolejsi25 , Z. Dolezal25 ,
R. Downing32 , J.-J. Dugne10 , P.-Y. Duval16 , D. Dzahini13 , I. Efthymiopoulos5; 3) , D. Errede32 ,
S. Errede32 , F. Etienne16 , H. Evans9 , P. Fassnacht16 , N. Fedyakin18 , A. Ferrari18 , P. Ferreira14 ,
A. Ferrer33 , V. Flaminio24 , D. Fouchez16 , D. Fournier21 , G. Fumagalli23 , E. Gallas4 , M. Gaspar28 ,
F. Gianotti8; 4) , O. Gildemeister8 , D.M. Gingrich1 , V. Glagolev12 , V. Golubev19 , A. Gomes14 ,
J. Gonzalez21 H.A. Gordon6 , V. Grabsky35 , H. Hakopian35 , M. Haney32 , S. Hellman30 , A. Henriques8 ,
S. Holmgren30 , P.F. Honoré33 , J.Y. Hostachy13 , J. Huston17 , Yu. Ivanyushenkov5 , S. Jezequel2 ,
E. Johansson30 , K. Jon-And30 , R. Jones8 , A. Juste5 , S. Kakurin12 , G. Karapetian8 , A. Karyukhin27 ,
Yu. Khokhlov27 , V. Klyukhin27 , V. Kolomoets12 , S. Kopikov27 , M. Kostrikov27 , V. Kovtun12 ,
V. Kukhtin12 , M. Kulagin27 , Y. Kulchitsky19; 5) , G. Laborie13 , S. Lami24 , V. Lapin27 , A. Lebedev12 , M.
Lefebvre34 T. Leflour2 , R. Leitner25 , E. León-Florián20 , C. Leroy20 , A. Le Van Suu16 , J. Li4 , I. Liba12 ,
O. Linossier2 , M. Lokajicek26 , Yu. Lomakin12 , O. Lomakina12 , B. Lund-Jensen31 G. Mahout13 ,
A. Maio14 , S. Malyukov12 , L. Mandelli18 , B. Mansoulié29 , L. Mapelli8 , C.P. Marin8 , F. Marroquin28 ,
L. Martin16 , M. Mazzanti18 , E. Mazzoni24 , F. Merritt9 , B. Michel10 , R. Miller17 , I. Minashvili12 ,
A. Miotto16 , L. Miralles5 , E. Mnatsakanian35 , E. Monnier16 , G. Montarou10 , G. Mornacchi8 ,
G.S. Muanza10 , E. Nagy16 , S. Nemecek26 , M. Nessi8 , S. Nicoleau2 , J.M. Noppe21 , C. Olivetto16 ,
S. Orteu5 , C. Padilla5 , D. Pallin10 , D. Pantea12 6) , G. Parrour21 , A. Pereira28 , L. Perini18 , J.A. Perlas5 ,
P. Pétroff21 , J. Pilcher9 , J.L. Pinfold1 L. Poggioli8 , S. Poirot10 , G. Polesello23 , L. Price3 ,
Y. Protopopov27 , J. Proudfoot3 , O. Pukhov12 , V. Radeka6 , D. Rahm6 , G. Reinmuth10 , J.F. Renardy29 ,
G. Renzoni24 , S. Resconi18 , R. Richards17 , I. Riu5 , V. Romanov12 , B. Ronceux5 , V. Rumyantsev19; 5) ,
N. Russakovich12 , P. Sala18 , H. Sanders9 , G. Sauvage2 , P. Savard20 , A. Savoy-Navarro22 L. Sawyer4 ,
1)
Now at University of Bern, Switzerland
2)
Now at University of Zurich, Switzerland
3)
Now at CERN, Switzerland
4)
Also University of Milano, Italy
5)
Also JINR Dubna, Russia
6)
Now at Institute for Atomic Physics, Bucharest, Romania

, L.-P. Says10 , A. Schaffer21 , C. Scheel15 , P. Schwemling22 , J. Schwindling29 , N. Seguin-Moreau21 ,
J.M. Seixas28 , B. Sellden30 , M. Seman11 , A. Semenov12 , V. Senchishin12 , L. Serin21 ,
A. Shchelchkov12 , V. Shevtsov12 , M. Shochet9 , V. Sidorov27 , V. Simaitis32 , S. Simion29 ,
A. Sissakian12 , A. Solodkov10 , P. Sonderegger8 , K. Soustruznik25 , R. Stanek3 , E. Starchenko27 ,
D. Stephani6 , R. Stephens4 , S. Studenov12 , M. Suk25 , A. Surkov27 , F. Tang9 , S. Tardell30 , P. Tas25 ,
J. Teiger29 , F. Teubert5 , J. Thaler32 , V. Tisserand21 , S. Tisserant16 , S. Tokar12 , N. Topilin12 , Z. Trka25 ,
A. Turcot9 , M. Turcotte4 , S. Valkar25 , A. Vartapetian35 , F. Vazeille10 , I. Vichou21; 7) , V. Vinogradov12 ,
S. Vorozhtsov12 , V. Vuillemin8 , D. Wagner9 , A. White4 , I. Wingerter-Seez2 , N. Yamdagni30 ,
G. Yarygin12 , C. Yosef17 , A. Zaitsev27 , M. Zdrazil25 , R. Zitoun2 , Y.P. Zolnierowski2


1
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
2
LAPP, Annecy, France
3
Argonne National Laboratory, USA
4
University of Texas at Arlington, USA
5
Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
6
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, USA
7
Institute of Atomic Physics, Bucharest, Rumania
8
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
9
University of Chicago, USA
10
LPC Clermont–Ferrand, Université Blaise Pascal / CNRS–IN2P3, France
11
Nevis Laboratories, Columbia University, Irvington NY, USA
12
JINR Dubna, Russia
13
ISN, Université Joseph Fourier /CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
14
LIP-Lisbon and FCUL-Univ. of Lisbon
15
Univ. Autonoma Madrid, Spain
16
CPP Marseille, France
17
Michigan State University, USA
18
Milano University and INFN, Milano, Italy
19
Institute of Physics ASB, Minsk, Belarus
20
University of Montreal, Canada
21
LAL, Orsay, France
22
LPNHE, Universites de Paris VI et VII, France
23
Pavia University and INFN, Pavia, Italy
24
Pisa University and INFN, Pisa, Italy
25
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
26
Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
27
Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
28
COPPE/EE/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
29
CEA, DSM/DAPNIA/SPP, CE Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
30
Stockohlm University, Sweden
31
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
32
University of Illinois, USA
33
IFIC Valencia, Spain
34
University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
35
Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia

Accepted by Nucl. Instr. Meth.


7)
Now at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain

, Abstract

The first combined test of an electromagnetic liquid argon accordion calorimeter and a
hadronic scintillating-tile calorimeter was carried out at the CERN SPS. These devices
are prototypes of the barrel calorimeter of the future ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The
p angle 
energy resolution of pions in the energy range from 20 to 300 GeV at an incident

of about 11 is well-described by the expression =E = ((46 5 6 0)%
:  : = E + (1 2: 
0 3)%) (3 2 0 4)
:  :  : GeV=E . Shower profiles, shower leakage, and the angular resolution
of hadronic showers were also studied.

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