NUR 2513 /NUR 2513 EXAM 2 MATERNAL CHILD NURSING 2024 [NEWEST]
1. Question: What are the key components of prenatal care?
Answer: Prenatal care includes regular check-ups to monitor the health of both the mother and
the fetus. Key components are:
● Assessment: Regular monitoring of vital signs, weight, and fetal growth. Assessment
includes measuring fundal height, listening to fetal heart tones, and performing
ultrasounds.
● Screening: Blood tests for anemia, blood type, and infectious diseases. Screening for
gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.
● Education: Providing information on nutrition, exercise, childbirth preparation, and infant
care.
● Support: Addressing emotional and psychological well-being, offering counseling and
resources for any concerns.
2. Question: What are common signs of labor?
Answer: Common signs of labor include:
● Regular Contractions: Increasing in frequency, intensity, and duration.
● Loss of Amniotic Fluid: The “water breaking” or rupture of membranes.
● Cervical Changes: Effacement (thinning) and dilation (opening) of the cervix.
● Bloody Show: A small amount of blood-streaked mucus discharge from the cervix.
3. Question: How should a nurse manage postpartum hemorrhage?
Answer: Management of postpartum hemorrhage includes:
● Immediate Assessment: Check for uterine tone, amount of bleeding, and vital signs.
● Medications: Administer uterotonics such as oxytocin to promote uterine contraction.
● Uterine Massage: Perform bimanual uterine compression or massage if the uterus is
found to be boggy.
● Fluid Resuscitation: Initiate intravenous fluids and blood transfusions if needed.
● Consultation: Seek help from a healthcare provider for additional interventions or if
bleeding is severe.
4. Question: What are the primary methods of contraception and their
effectiveness?
Answer: Primary methods of contraception include:
● Hormonal Contraceptives: Such as birth control pills, patches, and injections.
Effectiveness is around 91-99%.
● Barrier Methods: Such as condoms and diaphragms. Effectiveness varies from 82-
98%.
● Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs): Including intrauterine devices
(IUDs) and implants. Effectiveness is over 99%.
, ● Permanent Methods: Such as tubal ligation or vasectomy. These are nearly 100%
effective.
5. Question: What are some common developmental milestones for a 6-
month-old infant?
Answer: Common developmental milestones for a 6-month-old include:
● Motor Skills: Ability to sit without support, roll over in both directions, and reach for and
grasp objects.
● Social Skills: Smiling at others, showing interest in social interaction, and recognizing
familiar faces.
● Language Development: Making babbling sounds and responding to their name.
● Cognitive Development: Exploring objects with hands and mouth, showing curiosity
about their surroundings.
6. Question: What is the Apgar score, and how is it used?
Answer: The Apgar score is a quick assessment of a newborn's health performed at 1 and 5
minutes after birth. It evaluates five criteria: Appearance (skin color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace
response (reflexes), Activity (muscle tone), and Respiration (breathing effort). Each criterion is
scored from 0 to 2, with a maximum score of 10. It helps determine the need for immediate
medical care.
7. Question: What are the primary causes of postpartum depression?
Answer: Postpartum depression can be caused by:
● Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels.
● Sleep Deprivation: Lack of rest due to infant care.
● Emotional Factors: Stress, anxiety, or a history of depression.
● Physical Changes: Recovery from childbirth and physical changes.
● Social Factors: Lack of support or difficult social circumstances.
8. Question: What is the role of folic acid in pregnancy?
Answer: Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus. It supports the
growth and development of the placenta and reduces the risk of congenital anomalies.
9. Question: How is preeclampsia diagnosed and managed?
Answer: Preeclampsia is diagnosed through:
● Blood Pressure Monitoring: Elevated blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg) on two
separate occasions.
● Urinalysis: Presence of protein in the urine.
● Additional Tests: Assessment for signs of organ dysfunction or severe symptoms.
, Management includes:
● Monitoring: Frequent blood pressure checks and fetal monitoring.
● Medications: Antihypertensives and magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures.
● Delivery: The only definitive cure is delivery of the baby and placenta.
10. Question: What are the signs of a normal newborn feeding pattern?
Answer: Signs of a normal newborn feeding pattern include:
● Frequent Feedings: 8-12 times per day for breastfed infants or every 3-4 hours for
formula-fed infants.
● Adequate Weight Gain: Steady weight gain of about 4-7 ounces per week.
● Wet Diapers: 6-8 wet diapers per day.
● Contentment: Baby appears satisfied and content after feedings.
11. Question: What are the common complications of cesarean delivery?
Answer: Complications of cesarean delivery can include:
● Infection: Risk of wound infection or endometritis.
● Hemorrhage: Increased risk of postpartum bleeding.
● Pain: Prolonged or severe postoperative pain.
● Adhesions: Scar tissue formation leading to future complications.
● Respiratory Issues: Potential for neonatal respiratory distress.
12. Question: What is the purpose of antenatal corticosteroids?
Answer: Antenatal corticosteroids are administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth
to accelerate fetal lung maturation and reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome in the
newborn.
13. Question: How is gestational diabetes managed?
Answer: Gestational diabetes is managed through:
● Diet: Monitoring and managing carbohydrate intake.
● Exercise: Regular physical activity to help control blood sugar levels.
● Monitoring: Regular blood glucose testing.
● Medications: Insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents if needed.
14. Question: What are the typical signs of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in
pregnancy?
Answer: Signs of a UTI in pregnancy include:
● Pain or Burning: During urination.
● Frequent Urination: Increased need to urinate.
● Cloudy or Bloody Urine: Presence of unusual color or odor.
● Lower Abdominal Pain: Discomfort or pain in the lower abdomen.
1. Question: What are the key components of prenatal care?
Answer: Prenatal care includes regular check-ups to monitor the health of both the mother and
the fetus. Key components are:
● Assessment: Regular monitoring of vital signs, weight, and fetal growth. Assessment
includes measuring fundal height, listening to fetal heart tones, and performing
ultrasounds.
● Screening: Blood tests for anemia, blood type, and infectious diseases. Screening for
gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.
● Education: Providing information on nutrition, exercise, childbirth preparation, and infant
care.
● Support: Addressing emotional and psychological well-being, offering counseling and
resources for any concerns.
2. Question: What are common signs of labor?
Answer: Common signs of labor include:
● Regular Contractions: Increasing in frequency, intensity, and duration.
● Loss of Amniotic Fluid: The “water breaking” or rupture of membranes.
● Cervical Changes: Effacement (thinning) and dilation (opening) of the cervix.
● Bloody Show: A small amount of blood-streaked mucus discharge from the cervix.
3. Question: How should a nurse manage postpartum hemorrhage?
Answer: Management of postpartum hemorrhage includes:
● Immediate Assessment: Check for uterine tone, amount of bleeding, and vital signs.
● Medications: Administer uterotonics such as oxytocin to promote uterine contraction.
● Uterine Massage: Perform bimanual uterine compression or massage if the uterus is
found to be boggy.
● Fluid Resuscitation: Initiate intravenous fluids and blood transfusions if needed.
● Consultation: Seek help from a healthcare provider for additional interventions or if
bleeding is severe.
4. Question: What are the primary methods of contraception and their
effectiveness?
Answer: Primary methods of contraception include:
● Hormonal Contraceptives: Such as birth control pills, patches, and injections.
Effectiveness is around 91-99%.
● Barrier Methods: Such as condoms and diaphragms. Effectiveness varies from 82-
98%.
● Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs): Including intrauterine devices
(IUDs) and implants. Effectiveness is over 99%.
, ● Permanent Methods: Such as tubal ligation or vasectomy. These are nearly 100%
effective.
5. Question: What are some common developmental milestones for a 6-
month-old infant?
Answer: Common developmental milestones for a 6-month-old include:
● Motor Skills: Ability to sit without support, roll over in both directions, and reach for and
grasp objects.
● Social Skills: Smiling at others, showing interest in social interaction, and recognizing
familiar faces.
● Language Development: Making babbling sounds and responding to their name.
● Cognitive Development: Exploring objects with hands and mouth, showing curiosity
about their surroundings.
6. Question: What is the Apgar score, and how is it used?
Answer: The Apgar score is a quick assessment of a newborn's health performed at 1 and 5
minutes after birth. It evaluates five criteria: Appearance (skin color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace
response (reflexes), Activity (muscle tone), and Respiration (breathing effort). Each criterion is
scored from 0 to 2, with a maximum score of 10. It helps determine the need for immediate
medical care.
7. Question: What are the primary causes of postpartum depression?
Answer: Postpartum depression can be caused by:
● Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels.
● Sleep Deprivation: Lack of rest due to infant care.
● Emotional Factors: Stress, anxiety, or a history of depression.
● Physical Changes: Recovery from childbirth and physical changes.
● Social Factors: Lack of support or difficult social circumstances.
8. Question: What is the role of folic acid in pregnancy?
Answer: Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus. It supports the
growth and development of the placenta and reduces the risk of congenital anomalies.
9. Question: How is preeclampsia diagnosed and managed?
Answer: Preeclampsia is diagnosed through:
● Blood Pressure Monitoring: Elevated blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg) on two
separate occasions.
● Urinalysis: Presence of protein in the urine.
● Additional Tests: Assessment for signs of organ dysfunction or severe symptoms.
, Management includes:
● Monitoring: Frequent blood pressure checks and fetal monitoring.
● Medications: Antihypertensives and magnesium sulfate to prevent seizures.
● Delivery: The only definitive cure is delivery of the baby and placenta.
10. Question: What are the signs of a normal newborn feeding pattern?
Answer: Signs of a normal newborn feeding pattern include:
● Frequent Feedings: 8-12 times per day for breastfed infants or every 3-4 hours for
formula-fed infants.
● Adequate Weight Gain: Steady weight gain of about 4-7 ounces per week.
● Wet Diapers: 6-8 wet diapers per day.
● Contentment: Baby appears satisfied and content after feedings.
11. Question: What are the common complications of cesarean delivery?
Answer: Complications of cesarean delivery can include:
● Infection: Risk of wound infection or endometritis.
● Hemorrhage: Increased risk of postpartum bleeding.
● Pain: Prolonged or severe postoperative pain.
● Adhesions: Scar tissue formation leading to future complications.
● Respiratory Issues: Potential for neonatal respiratory distress.
12. Question: What is the purpose of antenatal corticosteroids?
Answer: Antenatal corticosteroids are administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth
to accelerate fetal lung maturation and reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome in the
newborn.
13. Question: How is gestational diabetes managed?
Answer: Gestational diabetes is managed through:
● Diet: Monitoring and managing carbohydrate intake.
● Exercise: Regular physical activity to help control blood sugar levels.
● Monitoring: Regular blood glucose testing.
● Medications: Insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents if needed.
14. Question: What are the typical signs of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in
pregnancy?
Answer: Signs of a UTI in pregnancy include:
● Pain or Burning: During urination.
● Frequent Urination: Increased need to urinate.
● Cloudy or Bloody Urine: Presence of unusual color or odor.
● Lower Abdominal Pain: Discomfort or pain in the lower abdomen.
