Penn Foster - Applied Pharmacology for Vet Techs Assignment 4 questions and answer

define agonist A drug with a high level of affinity and efficacy that binds to a receptor and casues a specific action. define contraindiction a reason not to use a drug in a particular situation, causes undesirable side effects define efficacy the degree to which a drug produces its desired response. define over the counter drug a drug that may be purchased without a prescription from a vet define prescription drug a drug that must be prescribed by a vet and taken while under the supervision of a vet define receptor a molecule located on a cell that binds with drugs or neurotransmitters to cause an effect define therapeutic index the relationship between a drug's ability to achieve the desired effect compared to its tendency to produce toxic effects. Expressed as a ration between the LD and the ED. LD/ED 50% of the time. define withdrawal time the amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug therapy and the elimination of that drug from the patients tissue or products. define veterinarian client patient relationship the relationship that must exist between the veterinarians, hris or her patient and the patient's owner before prescription drugs may be dispensed List four sources of drugs used in veterinary medicine animal products, plant products, minerals, and synthetic products what are four components of a drug regimen includes the dose, the route of administration, the frequency of administration, and the duration of administration discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship can be shown to exist. 1. the vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgements in relation to the health of the animal. 2. the vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with its care and 3. the vet must be available for follow up care of the animal. discuss the responsibilities of a veterinary technician in the administration of drug orders. carry out orders correctly, read the drug label 3x to ensure that the proper drug is being adminstered and take care to administer the correct dose by the correct route. be aware of posibble side effects and monitor patient in a responsible way. Describe the sequense of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion. a drug is first absorbed or directly placed into the bloodstream. In the blood, the drug may bind with a plasma protein or exist in the free state. The circulating blood distributes the drug to the capillary level, where the drug leaves the circulation and enters the interstitial fluid. The interstitial fluid bathes the cell or bind with surface receptors. The drug then exits the cell or its surface, moves back to interstitial fluid, reenters circulation and then is metabolized in the liver and sent to the kidneys for excretion. List 11 possible routes for administering a drug and discuss the advatages and/or disadvantages of each. 1. oral route 2. SQ 3.IM 4. IV 5. IP 6. IA, intraarterial 7. IC, intracardiac 8. IM, intramedullary 9. Inhalation 10. topical 11. intradermal List some of the factors that influence drug absorption 1. method of absorbtion, 2. the ph of the durg and its ionization status, 3. the absorptive surface area, 4. the blood supply to the area, 5. the solubility of the drug, 6. the dosage form, 7. the status of the gi tract 8 interactions with other drugs Most biotransformation of drugs occurs in where? liver Must durg excretion occurs via? kidneys Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular receptors The drug name that is chosen by the manufacturer and that is the exclusive property of that company is called proprietary/trade What are six items that must be on a drug label? names concentration and address of the manufacturerer olled substance status acturer's control or lot number 6. expiration date What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval and use of animal health products? FDA, EPA and USDA Why do many veterinary clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use? profit Describe the marketing of animal health products veterinary pharmaceuticals may be purchased directly from the manufacturer, from distributors, or from generic mail order companies. In some instances drugs may be sold under one label to gradute veterinarians and under another as an over the counter product All FDA approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication titled The Green Book What is the purpose of FARAD? provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug residues in animals Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal under prescribed circumstances by what act of Congress? AMDUCA Animal medicinal drug use clarification act