Cmn 141 Exam #3 Questions With Verified Answers

EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 23, 2024 4:26 PM Cmn 141 E xam #3 Questions With Verified Answers How many watched the Presidential debates in 2020? - answer✔✔63 million watched first televised debate, - answer✔✔1960, JFK vs. Nixon Front pages of news agencies in 2020 - answer✔✔Breitbart and Mother Jones News agencies try to create a narrative - answer✔✔-different news agencies create different narratives -Some align with what actually happened -Others are wildly inconsistent Differential susceptibility variables - answer✔✔influence which media we chose, and hopefully you see that consumption of content from different news agencies can have different influe nces on our perceptions of who won the debate ◦ Relationship between degree of attention to an issue and salience among the public - answer✔✔political issues become high priority political issues for the public only if they first become high priority news for the media Cohen, 1963 - answer✔✔the media "may not be successful ... in telling people what to think, but it is stunningly successful ... in telling people what to think about" McCombs & Shaw, 1972 - answer✔✔the media are agents that define political r eality in the process of making problems salient as political issues" Framing - answer✔✔The process by which the words used or the construction of a message affects the interpretation of the receiver ◦ Activates certain considerations in the individual Framing - answer✔✔- the description of an issue matters it is the interpretation / words that generate the effect Agenda -setting - answer✔✔- an issue covered in the news becomes more salient/accessible it is the media coverage that has the effect EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 23, 2024 4:26 PM Theoretica l premises of (framing and agenda setiing) - answer✔✔"Agenda setting looks on story selection as a determinant of public perceptions of issue importance and, indirectly through priming, evaluations of political leaders. Framing focuses not on which topics or issues are selected for coverage by the news media, but instead on the particular ways those issues are presented" (Price & Tewksbury, 1997, p. 184) Outcomes of Framing - answer✔✔1. Activation of relevant cognitions 2. Attitudinal effects◦ Changes in ho w you feel about a topic 3. Affective and behavioral outcomes ◦ Changes in your emotions or behaviors surrounding a topic Valkenburg et al. (1999) - answer✔✔How do different types of frames influence individuals' recall of news stories? What frames do they analyze? What are the issue that they analyze? diffrent types of framing - answer✔✔1. conflict framing 2. human interest framing 3. responsibility framing 4. economics consequence framing. Conflict frame: - answer✔✔emphasizes conflict b etween individuals, groups, or institutions Human interest frame: - answer✔✔brings an individual's story or an emotional angle to the presentative of an event, issue, or problem Responsibility frame: - answer✔✔presents an issue or problem in such a way as to attribute responsibility for causing or solving a problem to the government or individual in the group Economic consequences: - answer✔✔presents an event, problem, or issue in terms of the economic consequences it will have on an individual, group, inst itution, country Method for Valkenburg et al. (1999) - answer✔✔187 undergraduate participants were randomly assigned to different versions of the stories, all containing the same core of information but varying in their opening and closing paragraphs in ac cordance with the frame employed. ◦ 2 different news stories ◦ Crime in the Netherlands (closer to home) ◦ Introduction of the Euro (further from home)◦ 4 different frames conditions + 1 control condition ◦ Conflict