NSG 510 Exam Questions With Correct Answers

NSG 510 Exam Questions With Correct Answers Does the heart fill during diastole or systole? - answerdiastole Does the heart contract during diastole or systole? - answersystole Does the stroke volume happen during diastole or systole? - answersystole What is hypovolemia? What kind of concentration is involved? - answerfluid volume deficit -isotonic What is hypervolemia? What kind of concentration is involved? - answerfluid volume excess -isotonic What does blood pressure consist of? - answerperipheral resistance and cardiac volume What does cardiac output consist of? - answerstroke volume and heart rate What does it mean when someone has heart failure? How can this clinically present on a patient? - answerreduced pumping capacity of the left ventricle - carotid artery is prominent - brain is not being perfused correctly; confused, disoriented - skeletal muscles is not being perfused correctly; exercise intolerance; muscle fatigued (can't walk a block - kidneys is not being perfused correctly; low urine - cardiac volume low - stroke volume low What is forward flow? - answerLV through aortic valve to aorta into carotids; renals; femorals - arterial blood to vital organs EXAM STUDY MATERIALS July 29, 2024 12:59 PM If there is a problem with forward flow of the heart, what happens? - answerLV - Mitral valve - LA - pulmonary vein - lungs - pulmonary artery - RV - tricuspid valve - RA - jugular vein - liver - venus blood vessels in legs - *retrograde* volume & pressure - fluid will leak into alveoli in lungs (drowning); respiratory distress, peripheral edema, enlarged liver If a patient has his/her/their external jugular protruding from skin, what does this tell the nurse? - answerHe is fluid overloaded If an individual has a volume deficit or excess, how does this affect their sodium levels? - answerit has little to no affect; b/c fluid has concentration has the same concentration in the blood stream If there is a change of concentration, what is typically the reason for this? - answera change in sodium or water What is osmosis? - answermovement of water from a low concentration to high concentration through a semipermeable membrane What is the normal sodium level? - answer135-145 mEq/L What is the normal potassium level? - answer3.5-5.0 mEq/L If compartments (intracellular, interstitial, intravascular) have the same concentrations, will there be a movement of water through these compartments? - answerno; only if the water is altered in these concentrations What is the main driver in the blood stream? - answersodium What are the main solutes in the intravascular compartment? - answersodium, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) IF changes in the osmolarity of the vascular compartment change, what will begin to shift? - answerWater; from cells What is hyponatremia? - answerlow sodium values; excess water or loss of sodium How do you become hyponatrmic? - answerdrink lots of water (add water to vascular department) or pee out sodium What is dilutional hyponatremia? - answersomeone who has excess water intake - fresh water drowning, dilute IV solutions, A