5.2 - Population
● Poverty: total amount of people living in a country legally
● Population growth: rate of the change in size of a country’s population
● Population patterns show:
○ Source of labour
○ Depletion of scarce resources
○ Potential and actual output
5.3.1 - The factors that affect population growth
1) Birth rate
2) Death rate
3) Fertility rate
4) Net migration - difference between number of immigrants and number of
emigrants divided by the population
● Altering the number of individuals in the country at a given time →
more labour in a country → increase GDP
5) Immigration - moving into the country
● More immigration than emigration would increase birth rate
6) Emigration - moving abroad
● Population growth rates are highest in less economically developed countries,
e.g Niger, Mali and Zambia
● Population growth rates are lowest in more economically developed countries
5.3.2 - Reasons for different rates of population growth in different
countries
Birth rate
LICs MICs - HICs
● Birth rate has remained high ● Birth rate has fallen significantly
● Lack of access to family planning ● Increased access to family
& contraception planning & contraception
● Increase in women surviving ● Changing social norms - starting
childbirth families later, having fewer
● Families continuing to have many children, or remaining single
children ● Increased costs of child rearing &
● Culture of having larger families university education
which takes many years to
change
● Religious reasons
● Poverty: total amount of people living in a country legally
● Population growth: rate of the change in size of a country’s population
● Population patterns show:
○ Source of labour
○ Depletion of scarce resources
○ Potential and actual output
5.3.1 - The factors that affect population growth
1) Birth rate
2) Death rate
3) Fertility rate
4) Net migration - difference between number of immigrants and number of
emigrants divided by the population
● Altering the number of individuals in the country at a given time →
more labour in a country → increase GDP
5) Immigration - moving into the country
● More immigration than emigration would increase birth rate
6) Emigration - moving abroad
● Population growth rates are highest in less economically developed countries,
e.g Niger, Mali and Zambia
● Population growth rates are lowest in more economically developed countries
5.3.2 - Reasons for different rates of population growth in different
countries
Birth rate
LICs MICs - HICs
● Birth rate has remained high ● Birth rate has fallen significantly
● Lack of access to family planning ● Increased access to family
& contraception planning & contraception
● Increase in women surviving ● Changing social norms - starting
childbirth families later, having fewer
● Families continuing to have many children, or remaining single
children ● Increased costs of child rearing &
● Culture of having larger families university education
which takes many years to
change
● Religious reasons
