Nursing Psych: Psychopharmacology (exam 1)

Adrenergics create a "surge" of catecholamines (dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline) What do alpha- adrenergics do? peripheral arteries (vasoconstrict) Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:02 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More What do beta1- adrenergics do? heart (rate accelerates), increases CO, increases metabolic needs What do beta2- adrenergics do? bronchioles (dilate), coronary arteries (vasodilate), uterus (contracts) What are alpha and beta adrenergics combined used for? used to produce cardiac stimulation, bronchodilation, increases BP and renal blood flow examples of alpha and beta adrenergics combined ephedrine and DOPAMINE Example of beta adrenergics ALBUTEROL, doubtamine, epinephrine, an isoproterenol (Isuprel) What does albuterol do? bronchodilator what does doubtamine treat? CHF (chronic heart failure) What are Adrenergic Blockers? Inhibit the catecholamine "surge" caused by adrenergic or sympathetic stimulation what do alpha blockers do? peripheral vasodilation *can cause shock* what do beta1- blockers do? slows heart rate, reduced CO what do beta2-blockers do? bronchospams, coronary vasoconstriction, uterine relaxation what are alpha blockers used for? to treat "adrenergic excess" such as pheochromocytoma and HTN (hypertension) Crisis (MAOIs) example of alpha blocker phentolamine (Rogitine) side effects of phentolamine (Rogitine) can cause heart attach example of beta blockers propanolol (Inderal) and Timoptic what does propanolol (Inderal) do? treats HTN, angina, tachycardia, reduces anxiety by decreasing HR and pulse what does Timoptic do? treats glaucoma, migraine, and angina example of alpha and beta blocker combined reserpine (Serapsil) what does reserpine (Serapsil) do? treats HTN what is Dopamine? what does it cause? alpha blocker/ beta agonist; causes tachycardia What are Cholinergics? Support the "status quo" by producing acetylcholine or preventing its breakdown Examples of Cholinergics neostigmine (Prostigmin); cholinomimetic (Urecholine); physotigmine (Pilocarpine; Isopto-sol) neostigmine (Prostigmin) an anticholinersterase (enzyme that prevents breakdown of acetocholine); used to treat Myasthenia Gravis; increases muscle strength; prevents urinary bladder distention and ileus cholinomimetic (Urecholine) treats Neurologic bladder (atony); can cause Syncope, cardiac arrest ("Cholinergic Crisis") physotigmine (Pilocarpine; Isopto-sol) a miotic (constricts pupils); reduces IOP; treats Glaucoma what do Anticholinergics do? suppress the "status quo" by lowering acetylcholine concentration in CNS What symptoms do Anticholinergics cause? (Anticholinergic response) Dry mouth, Nasal congestion, Blurred vision, Urinary hesitancy & retention, Constipation, Retrograde ejaculation examples of anticholinergics atropine/scopolamine; propantheline (ProBanthine); cyclopentolate; Cogentin/Artane what does atropine/scopolamine do? used preoperatively, reduces secretions and the risk of aspiration/ asphyxia what does propantheline (ProBanthine) do? an antimuscarinic, antispasmodic; treats peptic ulcer disease (PUD) what does cyclopentolate do? a cycloplegic mydriatic (dilates pupil); treats inflammation of the eye; paralysis of accommodation