Spanish CSET Subtest 1 UPDATED Exam and CORRECT Answers

Spanish CSET Subtest 1 UPDATED Exam and CORRECT Answers Phonolgy - CORRECT ANSWER - The branch of linguistics th at deals with sytems of sounds. phonemes - CORRECT ANSWER - The smallest unit of sound;may cause change in meaning but does not have meaning on its own "bake" v. "brake" /r/ morphology - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of the forms of words morpheme - CORRECT ANSWER - The smallest meaningful unit of lanugage; A series of pehnomes with special meaning; free morpheme - CORRECT ANSWER - can appear on its own i.e. "eat" "water" bound morpheme - CORRECT ANSWER - must be attached to something else in order to make sense prefixes, suffixes or other affixes i.e s in "cats" , re in "redo" , able in "inbreakable" inflectional (affixes in morphology) - CORRECT ANSWER - a suffix that is added to a word to assign a grammatical function; never changes the g rammtical category old-older (adj) derivational (morpheme) - CORRECT ANSWER - An affix that is added to a word to create a new word or form of a word ; modern - modernise nation -national Lexicon - CORRECT ANSWER - the vocabulary of a language lexemes - CORRECT ANSWER - a set of words that would be included under one entry in the dctionary Syntax - CORRECT ANSWER - a set of rules for constructing full sentences out of words phrases; word order changes meaning semantics - CORRECT ANSWER - the literal meaning of words, sentences and phrases pragmatics - CORRECT ANSWER - the study of the use of language; deals with intentions behing utterances productive rule of language - CORRECT ANSWER - the amount a native speak er uses a particular grammatical or syntactical process esp in word formation; a rule that works for more than 2 words; the limitless ability to use lanuage to say new things; when we make new words we pply more productive rules i.e. adding -ed to word en ding unniversal grammar - CORRECT ANSWER - a linguistic theory which argues that the ability to learn language is innate, distinctly human and distinct from other aspects of human cognition; that languge is hard wired into the brain Noam Chomsky descripti ve grammar - CORRECT ANSWER - a set of rules about language based on how it is actually used; there is no right or wrong language; "he goes" means "he said" represents the unconscious knowledge of language prescriptive grammar - CORRECT ANSWER - the struct ure of lanuage as it should be used; grammtically correct surface v. deep structure - CORRECT ANSWER - refers to the different levels that information goes through in language production. deep structure (language) - CORRECT ANSWER - the information that ex ists in the mind of the speaker as more or less an abstract representation surface structure (laguage) - CORRECT ANSWER - expressing information linguistically by producing sentences/utterances linguistic rules - CORRECT ANSWER - must be learned to get fro m deep structure to suface structure language language development - CORRECT ANSWER - a process starting early in life, infants start without language yet by 10 months they can distinguish speech sounds and engage in babbling. receptive (in language dev) - CORRECT ANSWER - understanding what is said to you;comprehension expressive ( Lang Dev.) - CORRECT ANSWER - the ability to use vocabulary to put together senteces to epress yourself classification of languages - CORRECT ANSWER - classified according to different features such as the way they use sounds, types of morphology, and word order. family and branches - CORRECT ANSWER - group of languages related through descent from a common a ncestor, then further divided. perspectives on the study of language - CORRECT ANSWER - synchronic and diachronic synchronic - CORRECT ANSWER - looks at how a lanuage system works at a point in time diachronic - CORRECT ANSWER - looks at how a language has changed over a period of time language change - CORRECT ANSWER - variation in language over time