BIO 322 Genomics Study Set with Questions and Correct Answers

Genomics Definition An interdisciplinary field of biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. Genomics Aim Aims at the collective characterization and quantification of all of an organism's genes, their interrelations and influence on the organism Genome definition Organisms complete set of DNA including all of its genes. Genetics definition Refers to the study of INDIVIDUAL genes and their roles in inheritance What is Dideoxy Sequencing AKA Sanger Sequencing and What does it Need A method for determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA strand. Requires DNA polymerase and ddNTPS to make partial copies of the DNA fragment sequenced. How Dideoxy Sequencing (Sanger Sequencing) works Reagents are mixed (4 kinds of ddNTPs) and the ddNTPs are each tagged with different colored fluorescent dye (4 colors for each ddNTP). The reactions take place on thin capillary gels which separate the products into bands. A detector then records the color of each band. Shotgun Sequencing Method Break genome into fragments, separate and sequence each single-stranded fragment, and have a computer order the pieces by using sequence overlaps to guide the assembly. What is Shotgun Sequencing used for mainy? Small genomes. Problems with shotgun sequencing Highly repetitive nucleotide sequences throw the system off. How does the clone-by-clone approach work? Make a genomic DNA library, determine where the DNA fragments fit via marking the cloned DNA with different restriction enzymes and compare it to where these same restriction enzymes cut the human genome.