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Samenvatting H18 medische biochemie

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Dit is een samenvatting van H18 van medische biochemie. Met deze samenvattingen haalde ik een 18/20.

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HOOFDSTUK 18 : BIJNIER
1. Anatomie
1.1. Macroscopisch
 Retroperitoneaal
 Bovenop elke nier
 Productie van hormonen




1.2. Microscopisch
 Histologisch, twee verschillende weefseltypes
- Cortex
 Zona glomerulosa
 Zona fasciculata
 Zona reticularis
 secretie hormonen (adrenocorticoIde steroïden)
- Medulla
 synthese en secretie catecholamines

2. Functie
 Bijnier is een klier met een belangrijke exocriene functie
- Cortex
 Zona glomerulosa
o Mineralocorticoïden  aldosteron
 Zona fasciculata
o Glucocorticoïden  cortisol
 Zona reticularis
o Gonadocorticoïden  androgenen
- Medulla
 Chromaffine cellen
o Cathecolamines  adrenaline en noradrenaline

3. Adrenocorticale hormonen
3.1. Synthese steroïdhormonen
 Vanuit cholesterol
 Alle steroïden gesecreteerd door de bijnierschors
allemaal cyclohexaanringen en één cyclopentaanring
 3 belangrijke groepen steroïden die door de bijnierschors
gesecreteerd worden
- Mineralocorticoïden (zona glomerulosa)
- Glucocorticoïden (zona fasciculata)
- Androgenen (zona reticularis)

, 3.2. Mineralocorticoïden (aldosteron)
 Productie in de zona glomerulosa
 Netto effect
- Natrium retentie
- Water retentie
 Triggers voor vrijstelling
- Angiotensine II (RAAS, major effect)
- ACTH (minor effect)
- Stress, trauma
- Hyperkaliëmie, hyponatriëmie
 RAAS systeem
- Zie lessen fysiologie




 Geassocieerde syndromen
- Verhoogd voorkomen van Conn syndroom
- (verlaagd voorkomen Addison, congenitale bijnierhyperplasie)

3.3. Glucocorticoïden (cortisol)
 Productie in de zona fasciculata
 Triggers voor vrijstelling
- ACTH
- Circadiaans ritme, ifv slaappatroon
 Laagst rond middernacht
 Hoogst rond ontwaken
- Trauma, sepsis, zware fysieke activiteit, hypoglycemie, acute angst
 Transport
- 95% gebonden
 Cortisol binding globuline (CBG) of transcortine (80%)
o CBG is verzadigd bij hoog-fysiologische concentraties van cortisol
 Albumine (15%)
- 5% vrij circulerend en actief
 Metabolisatie en excretie
- Inactivatie door enzymatische omzetting oa naar cortison met excretie in urine
- Conjugatie in de lever met excretie in de gal
- Vrij cortisol kan tevens partieel (2%) geexcreteerd worden in de urine

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Uploaded on
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Written in
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